Design Review Monday, January 19 th, 2009 Customer: FSNM, contact: Debbie Conway Guide: Brian Thorn P09453

Project Description Project Background: Who: Fort Stanwix National Monument (FSNM) part of the National Park Service (NPS) Where: FSNM is situated in Rome, New York. What: The Fort consist of three primary energy use locations: the Willet Visitor Center, the Fort and a maintenance shed. In 2005 the addition of the Willett Center has dramatically added to FSNM’s energy consumption. Why: The Willett Center consumes far greater energy than original expectations, and currently accounts for 2/3rds of FSNM total energy cost. Align FSNM with the NPS green initiative Problem Statement: The overall objective of this project is to identify short and long-term opportunities to reduce energy consumption and energy costs at the Fort Stanwix National Monument, and implement a renewable energy demonstration-scale model.

Customer Needs Rational for Customer Needs based on: Project readiness packet December 2 nd phone interview with FSNM – Debbie Conway December 13 th onsite visit with Debbie and Todd Key statement: reduce current total cost of energy at FSNM to offset the impact of potential ‘green’ energy opportunities and conservation measures

Specifications – Traditional approach Need #Rank Description MetricUnits Margina l Value Ideal Value CN11 Reduce total cost of energy at FSNM Reduction in total projected monthly energy costs considering implementation costs US$>$350 CN21 Recommendation of potential energy saving opportunities # of Energy Conservation Measure opportunities #> 5 options CN31 Evaluate energy saving opportunities budget impacts Economic implications of the energy saving opportunities – ROI, investment costs Time US$ CN41 Understand current energy use Perform an energy audit of FSNM focused on the Willett Visitor Center - Highest Energy Use System Cost CN51 Evaluate current gas and electricity billing structure Electricity - ∆ monthly $/kW Gas - ∆ monthly $/Therm $/kW $/Therm < 30%< 10% CN61 Investigate alternative ESCOs and billing structures Electricity - %∆ monthly $/kW Gas - %∆ monthly $/Therm $/kW $/Therm < 30%< 10% CN72 Analyze impacts of a 'green' billing structure Change in ($/kW*yearly consumption) vs. tax incentives/year

Project Specs – Expectations Project Specifications: Attempted traditional approach, it was not inline with an energy audit, not a product Defined specifications in terms of an energy audit Project specifications are the agreed upon expectations of the total energy assessment process and outcome – ‘What is included and captured’ FSNM specifications are expectations regarding the explicit actions, information, analyses and results that the entire energy assessment project will contain Definition of the content in the final assessment report Current Specification is posted on EDGE for review

Project Scope & Schedule Objectives/Scope: Conduct pre-assessment data collection Perform on-site energy assessment Develop energy savings opportunities Review Current electricity billing structure Indentify and evaluate alternative energy service companies (ESCOs) Implement a pilot renewable demonstration-scale energy project Goals for end of Winter Qtr: Complete ECM analysis with preliminary implementation plan Preliminary ‘What-if’ analysis – software driven Goals for end of Spring Qtr: Sustainable/renewable energy project plan and model complete Training program complete Alternative ESCO options Final report with categorized ECMs and implementation plan

Data Collected & Obtained Provide an idea of how are analysis are driven Documents available upon request DocumentComment 2 years of energy bills: Willett Center, Fort, Shed Gas vs. Electric Floor plan for maintenance shed and Willett Center Willett center zones and 2007 construction changes Climate controlled conditions specifications Systems schedule documentation Operating hours for several systems Gathered from Trane Tracer system

Utility Analysis Structure: Establish 1 year baseline year (September 2007 – September 2008) to evaluate disaggregate electric costs and natural gas production percentages. Purpose: Understand the basic energy usage to identify major areas as candidates for energy savings by establishing a benchmark. Evaluate the current baseline production versus space heating/cooling to identify possible HVAC savings. Willett Center Energy:$ /kWh Demand: $ /kW-month (average cost over 2 years) Gas: $ /therm Main Fort and Maintenance Building Energy: $0.1467/kWh Demand: $.3456 /kW-month (average cost over 2 years) Gas (Main Fort): $ /therm Gas (Maintenance): $ /therm

Rate Structure – Graphical Analysis (1 of 3)

Utility Analysis Baseline – Willett Center - Operating hours: open 362 days per year (3 holidays) - 7 days per week: 9 am – 5pm construction changes - July Concert spike

Utility Analysis Baseline – Willett Center - System schedule: pull mfg specifications to determine greatest energy consumer - Disaggregate costs: Willett Center electricity: - Energy: 58% - Demand: 42%

Baseline Results Use as bench mark for change comparison and insight into ECM options Main focus areas for ECMs Lighting usage HVAC systems Building Efficiency

Building Envelope Analysis Data Sources R-Values for the walls and ceilings were found from the Utica Department of Codes R-Values for windows and doors will be estimated by the EnergySmart codes Dry Bulb Ambient Temperature Data is taken from TMY3 data for the Utica area. – The coldest day of the year recorded by the TMY3 data is March 3 rd, – The outside temperature was -23 °C.

Envelope Description The windows in the foyer are a large source of heat loss in the building, and the space is conditioned to make visitors comfortable. Walls throughout the building should be built to modern construction codes. The walls dividing the two main zones in the center could potentially use more insulation to prevent leakage into the climate controlled archive area. The ceiling area crawlspace was very warm. This could make the ceiling insulation a viable way to save energy.

Calculations T amb A B C & D E T inside A – Outdoor siding B – Paneling C – Insulation D – Wall Studs E – Drywall

Calculations (working) Surface R-ValueU-Value Maximum Annual Energy ft 2 h °F/Btum 2 °C/WBtu/ft 2 h °FW/m 2 °C Energy Loss (kW/m 2) Loss (kW/m 2 ) Windows Doors Walls Ceiling InsideDate ofTime ofAmb. Temp of TemperatureMax Max (°C) 70.0°F3/3/20037:00:00 AM °C Calculations to be completed after next onsite visit 1/23

Lighting System The buildings use a range of different bulbs for different purposes. Most rooms in Willett Center have occupancy sensors. Displays have spotlight bulbs.

Lighting System Most Common Bulbs: 4ft T8 bulbs are used in most of the back rooms, archives, and offices. Efficient and long life 32 Watts Best way to conserve energy is to keep lights off. The buildings use a range of different bulbs for different purposes. Most rooms in Willett Center have occupancy sensors. Displays have spotlight bulbs.

Further Systems Analysis Still need to approximate operation times for the lights in each room. This will be estimated based on room function and building operational hours. The number of lights in each room needs to be counted Investigating the efficiency of HVAC system Faced with climate controlled constraints

First Onsite Visit First site visit, Saturday 12/13 Refined customer needs, tour, pictures and data collection Completed utilities bills database – current energy profile Gathering energy consumption of current systems Analyze building envelope

FSNM Energy Conservation Concepts Broken into short and long term concepts Short term: operation & maintenance approach, low cost replacements and or upgrades Long term: retrofit through replacement, upgrade systems Generated from site visit and current available data Short term: Willett Center Concepts: Reduce lighting system load during non-peak operation Adjust operational hours during non-peak operations Utilize window shades more efficiently for heating/cooling Use high efficiency light blubs where possible Repair duct leaks Adopt all energy star products

FSNM Energy Conservation Concepts Short term continued: Willett Center Improve door and window seals Implement tinted or reflective glass Adjust exhibit zone temperature range Install ceiling fans in exhibit section Insult attic space above exhibit area Fort and Site-wide concepts: Employee training program Solar powered walk way lights Replace T12 with T8 lights Replace kitchen and auditorium equipment Long term (ongoing concept generation, data, software driven): Replace AC units in Fort Insulate attic space more efficiently in Willett Center Implement heat pumps (renewable energy)

Implementation Plan Aspects to include in implementation plan Cost of new equipment, software, etc Return on investment (ROI) & payback Steps required to implement – construction? Difficulty of implementation Timing Economic Analysis of each ECM, sustainable/green option will be conducted Researching software approach

Energy Service Company (ESCO) Evaluation Structure Breakdown of current client contract with National Grid. Evaluation of other ESCO services in Rome, NY by developing a comparison chart based on a survey analysis. Purpose Identify ways National Grid may be able to provide energy savings or greener energy for Fort Stanwix. Develop energy savings plans as alternatives to FSNM current service. Plan - Make contact with alternative ESCOs - Request data regarding billing structure - Compare alternatives against current service - Present findings: due to contract may be difficult to opt out

Current Energy Service – National Grid Disadvantages The Fort Stanwix contract with National Grid is unlikely to be altered so energy savings may be hard here. Advantages National Grid offers Energy Profiler Online™ (EPO) which helps in the understanding of how electricity is used within the operation over time. Some aspects of the tool include: Manage your energy consumption—identify what’s normal and abnormal usage See the results of your energy efficiency and conservation efforts at each site Shift your energy usage to lower-cost time periods and move dollars to your bottom line Use the load data information as a guide for shopping wisely with power suppliers National Grid also offers 4 suppliers of green energy in their GreenUp program.

Comparison of ESCOs – National Grid as an Example (1 of 2) Questions ESCO nameNational Grid Costs Price (in cents/kWh) including taxes of electricity? $.14/kWh (Willett Center) Does this price vary by month or day?month Are there fees for service besides electricity? yes Is gas available as well?yes Price for gas (in therms)?$1.2133/therm (Willett Center) Contract Terms**These terms can only be discussed with the customer and are not available through National Grid to the public. How long will this price remain in effect? Or how long will the electric service contract be effective? nondisclosed** Do additional contract terms apply?nondisclosed** What are the responsibilities of the customer? nondisclosed**

Comparison of ESCOs – National Grid as an Example (2 of 2) Special Needs/ Energy Conservation Do you offer ways to help the customer save energy or use energy more efficiently? yes, Energy Profiler Online (EPO) - additional $50/mo Is a form of green energy available or how is your company "green"? yes, GreenUp option - 4 green energy providers available Environmental What types of power plants does your company use? natural gas, hydroelectric Billing Will there be separate bills or one bill for energy and delivery? same bill Is budget billing available? (not really needed for Ft. Stanwix) n/a

Energy Audit Software Rational: Way to analyze baseline buildings Evaluate impacts of various ECMs Play ‘What if’ analyses for each ECM HAVC and building envelope analysis was critical selection criteria Used government sponsored database: ame=subjects/pagename_menu=whole_building_analysis/pagename_su bmenu=energy_simulation

Software Selection Good HVAC Modelling Moisture Control Option Lighting Module Daylight Option Solar Implementation Within BudgetComments AkWarm BSimProgram Suite. Vague lighting module DesignBuilder EA-QUIPRetrofit by answering questions EZ SimBill Auditing HOT2000No room-by-room HVAC modelling IDA Indoor climate EnergyFor HVAC designers ParaSolNo HVAC input PvcadSpecial for PV system implementation. (German) RL5MNo solar system. Error check! Room Air Conditioner Cost EstimatorWeb-based + cost estimation SolarShoeBox SUNREL TRNSYS EN4M Energy in Commercial BuildingsEconomic analysis

Software Choice Most comprehensive program Somewhat expensive Talk with Margaret Bailey Future Institute’s use Better alternatives

BSim SimView For editing the geometry, materials and installations Tsbi5 Control of the indoor climate, thermal and moisture Xsun Sunlight and shadows SimLight Dailight calculations (use of artificial light) BV98 Danish regulations SimDXF Import CAD drawings SimDB Database with construction materials SimPV Calculate electrical yield from solar panels

Infrared Imaging Dr. Joe Pow Needs faculty/staff to get the camera Used for distance sensing in aircrafts Used to detect air leaks during an energy audit

Risk Assessment Software order delays Software learning curve Feasibility of ECM implementation – FSNM funding Sustainable energy option – codes, law Proximity to FSNM Validity of assumptions Ability to capture and quantify energy consumption without ‘professional equipment’

FSNM ‘Concept’ Generation 2 project components have concept generation needs: Energy conservation measures (ECMs) applicable to FSNM Pilot renewable energy scale-project At this point, only high level renewable energy concepts Additional research and project components required Renewable energy concepts for further evaluation: Solar Power Wind Power Geothermal Power Biomass