Detailed Design Review Friday, February 13 th, 2009 Customer: FSNM, contact: Debbie Conway Guide: Brian Thorn P09453

Project Description

Customer Needs Rational for Customer Needs based on: Project readiness packet December 2 nd phone interview with FSNM – Debbie Conway December 13 th onsite visit with Debbie and Todd Key statement: reduce current total cost of energy at FSNM to offset the impact of potential ‘green’ energy opportunities and conservation measures

Project Specs – Expectations Project Specifications: Attempted traditional approach, it was not inline with an energy audit, not a product Defined specifications in terms of an energy audit Project specifications are the agreed upon expectations of the total energy assessment process and outcome – ‘What is included and captured’ FSNM specifications are expectations regarding the explicit actions, information, analyses and results that the entire energy assessment project will contain Definition of the content in the final assessment report Current Specification is posted on EDGE for review Debbie Conway singed contract on 1/26/09

MSD1 Project Task Status Objective/TaskStatusComment Customer needs & Project Plan (including Specs Contract) CompleteDocuments posted on EDGE Data Collection CompleteData & documents collected and processed, add’l may be needed On-site Energy Assessment Complete1 st : Saturday - 12/13/08 2 nd : Friday – 1/23/09 Utility Bill Analysis CompleteEnergy Use Profile, baseline consumption, system consumption, EUI Building Envelope Analysis CompleteEnergy loss/year through doors, windows & walls at Willett Center Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) In progressPotential long & short term opportunities generated, derive more from model Energy savings – consumption, $ - and implementation plan in progress Renewable energy demo plan & scope CompleteNon-grid tied Roof Mounted AC PV system with data logging PV model system components & integration In progressBaseline quote inclusive of all required components, gathering additional quotes for price comparison, system implementation plan in progress Energy Service Company (ESCO) review In progressGenerated ESCO grading, savings & survey to evaluate energy distributors, currently 8 potential options available Software simulation model – eQuest [Free – DOE] In progressMultiple options considered, purchase started, wouldn’t sell to US - eQuest recommended, current baseline model created ~10% electric & ~15% gas error

Energy Assessment Approach Sections to be covered: Utility Bill Analysis Electricity costs & profile, baseline values Gas costs & profile, baseline values Energy Use Index & Building Load Factors Building Envelope & Operations Heat transfer across envelope Occupancy distribution Onsite Visit Details 1 st Visit 2 nd Visit

Utility Analysis – Electricity Energy Information Administration: -Willett Center charged less than average commercial in NYS Energy consumption graphs available on EDGE NYS Commercial Average price per kWh in cents

Utility Analysis - Gas National Propane Gas Association: -Willett Center charged less than average -Cost is $ Mbtu = 10 therms Energy consumption graphs available on EDGE

Utility Analysis – EUI & Loads Load Factors – gives ratio of average demand to peak demand: indicates a savings if some electric loads are shifted to off-peak hours - Max is 1.0 if no variation in consumption or time of day peaks in demand

Building Envelope Analysis Determines energy loss through windows, doors and walls based on: average outside temp, inside temp, insulation, sq ft Window info collected from Todd Gerrard via

FSNM Visitor Distribution - Nearly normal distribution -Assuming sign-in distribution of visitors parallels aggregate trend -Open 362 day/year: 9 am – 5 pm

Onsite Visit 1 st site visit, Saturday 12/13 Refined customer needs, tour, pictures and data collection Analyze building envelope, ECM potentials 2 nd site visit, Friday 1/23 Gave project update, refined renewable demo portion Counted & documented all lights & energy consuming devices (ECDs) Took building measurement not clear on floor plan Captured IR images with camera on loan from Dr. Joe Pow Goal: uncover hidden energy loss

IR Camera images Gathered interior & exterior pictures, Outcome: discovered points of interest, but nothing significant All IR photos available on EDGE: Notice how cold exterior windows are in the shade (exterior ~30 F)

Energy Consumption Devices Any device that consumes electricity Lighting & HVAC equipment not counted Total: 106 items used at Willett Center Wide range of items, most drawing electricity for 8+ hrs/day Applied toward model & straight energy savings approach Found only 1 energy star product, looking into cost/benefit of going to all energy star

Current Mechanical Systems HVAC system (additional equipment list available): 2 Roof Top Units (RTUs) used for solely cooling RTU1 – runs all year for collections/storage as needed Innovent Unit: 9000 CFM with mixing box & humidifier NORTEC Humidifier – electric, collections & storage, erratic humid levels shown by data logger RTU2 – supplies variable air volumes in exhibit area Trane Unit: 9200 CFM with variable frequency drive VFD controls static pressure in air ductwork 2 Exhaust fans, 1 – restroom & locker rooms, 1 – boilers Run at 1250 and 400 CFM respectively It was noted that exhaust fan 1 runs a large portion of the day

Current Mechanical Systems HVAC system (additional equipment list available): Boilers – hot water heating system: 2 Fulton boilers, 300,000 BTUh, always on, varying water temp Runtime over last 1.5 years: Boiler hrs Boiler hrs Total hours & cycles: Boiler hrs, Total Cycles Boiler hrs, Total Cycles – Info provided by Todd Gerrard Plan: investigate newer software versions, 3rd party system wide control systems

Mechanical Systems Controller Trane Tracer System – control/monitors: Boilers, Pumps, humidifier, RTU1 & 2 Fans, variable air volume Controlled from computer terminal on-site Tracer Summitt Base, Version Rev 2, PN: V17 2 class software – monitor only, monitor/control Todd Noted: RTU 1 & 2 are ’self’ controlled including humidifier, setting can not be adjusted by Trane Tracer system Exhaust fans independent of control system Control systems ’fight’ each other

Lighting System The buildings use a range of different bulbs for different purposes. Most rooms in Willett Center have occupancy sensors. -Documented all lights in Willett Center - Determined wattage - Computed annual kWh consumed

Software Modeling – eQuest Initially – attempted to purchase expensive, comprehensive software Distributor did not sell within United States Alternatives to complex Contacted Energy Assessment firm for recommendation eQuest – tool from department of energy Free More User friendly interface, decreases learning curve Fully function building model

eQuest Benefits Enables ‘What-if’ analyses through implementing ECMs and analyzing effects Lifecycle cost analysis Allows different ESCO rates & billing structures With actual weather and utility data Base model input using CAD drawing, apply zones in eQuest Orient building accurately

Latest Model Rendering

eQuest Building Creation Wizard The opening Design Development Wizard: Project/Site/Utility Edit Building Shell Edit Air-Side System HW Plant Equipment Build up utilizing these options

eQuest Building Creation Wizard Design Development Wizard: Walls, ceilings, doors Insulation values Occupancy, loads HAVC & lighting Non-HVAC ECD, pumps Domestic Hot Water Temp & air flow settings Schedule of HVAC & non-HVAC systems Energy Efficiency Insulation

eQuest Simulated Performance Equipped to handle multiple ECMs and a baseline

Latest Model Electricity and Gas consumption are within 10 % of actual building performance Next step: move into testing impacts off different adjustments to building

Energy Conservation and Savings Measures and Opportunities Developed from on site assessment, observation, and calculations and software modeling Short term: operation & maintenance approach, low cost replacements and or upgrades Long term: retrofit through replacement, upgrade systems LocationLong vs Short ECM, ESOProbable Impact Willett CenterShortAdjust operational hours during non-peak (Nov – Mar) operations Large Willett CenterShortTint exterior windows for summer time heatingMedium Willett Center ShortUtilize window shades more efficiently for heating/coolingMedium Willett CenterShortImprove seals around windows and doorsSmall

Energy Conservation and Savings LocationLong vs Short ECM, ESOProbable Impact Willett Center LongAdopt Energy Star ProductsMedium Willett Center LongRepair duct work above exhibit areaMedium Willett Center ShortAdjust exhibit zone temperature rangeSmall Willett Center ShortPower factor correction device, little energy saving but, large cost savings, short payback Medium Willett Center LongInstall ceiling fans in exhibit sectionMedium Willett Center ShortUpgrade Trane Tracer System & control system softwareSmall Willett Center LongUpgrade insulation on exterior walls of collection/storage, base on IRSmall Willett Center ShortBetter seals around exterior door, based on IR images & observationSmall

Energy Conservation and Savings Measures and Opportunities LocationLong vs Short ECM, ESOProbable Impact Fort & Maintenance Shed ShortTurn off lights & Energy Consuming Devices – especially in the Maintenance shed Small Fort & Maintenance Shed ShortReplace T12 with T8 lightsSmall Maintenance Shed LongNew roof to stop heat loss (currently leaking)Medium Maintenance Shed LongReplace heating system, 30 year old heaters, working but consume significant energy Medium FortLongReplace kitchen and auditorium equipmentSmall FortLongReplace AC unit in Fort (30+ years old)Medium Site WideLongSolar powered walk-way lightsMedium

Implementation Plan Aspects to include in implementation plan Cost of new equipment, software, etc, if applicable Return on investment (ROI) & payback Timing Economic Analysis of each ECM, sustainable/green option [Spring Qtr]

ESCO Analysis Purpose: review current energy billing structure Investigate alternative ESCOs Not able to switch distributor - National Grid Structure: Determine all possible energy providers: 9 available Graded based on survey ranking importance from customer feedback Goal: Identify savings/costs of switching ESCOs

Rubric Grading – process behind subjective analysis 1) Three areas were used in the rubric to compare each ESCO to the Willett Center’s current contract with National Grid: Billing structure Contract terms Energy conservation offerings 2) National Grid’s current contract was used as the benchmark for the rubric grading – being assigned an overall score of 5 (therefore an ESCO with a score less than 5 is a worse and greater than 5 a better alternative) Each area was then assigned a weighting according to the importance to the customer: Billing structure – 52% Contract terms – 15% Energy conservation offerings – 33% Each area was then evaluated on a scale of 1-10, with sub-areas determining the subtraction or addition of point. Copy of grading rubric

ESCO Analysis ESCOScore (1-10) NIMO (baseline)5 Energy Coop7.3 Gateway FXD6.8 Gateway VAR5.6 Hudson 5y5.87 IDT Energy7.06 Mirabito6.02 NYSEG6.52 US Energy5.5 NIMO – baseline score of 5 Value > than 5: Relatively better than NIMO Value > than 5: Relatively worse than NIMO Quantitative analysis: Purely numerical Data from months of high-usage used from baseline Gas and Electric comparison using quoted rates Second pass will include the additional costs of green options

ESCO Analysis – Electric Savings For alternative ESCO, assumed for current average variable or fixed rate (factored past data change in energy prices)

ESCO Analysis – Gas Savings Used current alternative ESCO to compare to past data (factored past data change in energy prices)

Renewable Demo Project Structure of demo based on customer feedback: Demo description/setup in Willett Center for visitors Construct with potential full scale implementation in mind Collect data for full scale justification Renewable Energy Demos Considered: Wind: not conducive to full scale implementation Solar: previously considered, most viable option Geothermal: difficult for demo & full scale Bio-fuel: proximity to bio-fuel stations Solar Energy selected

Renewable Demo Layout AC System, non-grid tied powering a load Load to be determined Component PV Module Roof Mounting system Wires Inverter Battery Charge Controller Data Collection Module

Location of System Digging restrictions on site at FSNM, no pole mount Roof mounted PV System Willet Center South End

Components Spoke with Scott Williams of Solar electrics supply: Quoted Remote Area PV system including: 100 W Solar PV Array, conduit wiring harness, 25’ output 2 Solar Array Roof Mounting Structure, SS hardware MX-69 charge controller (24 to 12 V), 128 day data log Terminal strip with fusing install inside battery control enclosure Outdoor batter/control enclosure, vented, lockable, insulated 150 W inverter installed inside enclosure Sealed gel cell battery bank 12V 210 AH, maintenance free System wiring harness, electrical schematics

Renewable Energy Costs Scott Williams quote (with freight to ROC): $3300 Ways to reduce this cost – ‘tone’ down the system Fair price for caliber of system Real-Time data logger system, as quoted by Lynn Lindsay of Solar Energy Technologies, cost $900 along More comprehensive then solar supply, but charge controller must be bought separately Currently, pursuing other vendor quotes, Solar Electronics Supply quote is fairly indicative of costs Quotes available via , if needed

Renewable Demo Process Planning Location (facing South) Closest opening for wiring (conduit) Outdoor location for box Locate ground? Indoor location Lighting support? Wire to other light Wire a flip switch Getting the panels to the roof Pulley system?

Installation Process Interpret electrical schematics Pull wires through conduit Get panels and equipment to the roof Install Panel Mounts Slide panels in Set enclosure where desired Install interior equipment Determine order in which equipment will be safely plugged in

Equipment needed Ammeter Screwdrivers Wire strippers Wire cutters Cardboard (large piece) Rubber gloves?

PV Large Scale PON 1050 – Installation of PV by eligible installers Government buildings $5000/kW (0 – 25kW), $4000/kW (25kW – 50kW) System does not have to face South (calculate losses) Grid connected vs. Battery ROI (20 years?) 10 Watts/ft 2

Baseline Assessment Simulation program Based on DOE-2 free software LEED Volunteer government program Point-based assessment Self assessment possible Determine ECMs based on it?

Moving Forward - Spring Quarter Order Solar System Wk 11 [Winter Quarter] Determine energy savings per ECM with detailed breakdown Economic Analysis Energy Assessment Report Install Solar System Installation, maintenance, test plan

Risks Difficulty of solar system installation Lead time on Solar system parts Detailed ECM impacts eQuest model assumptions Funding Proximity to FSNM

References