The Cold War

 What was the Cold War?  How did it shape 20 th Century America?

 49a - describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Berlin Airlift, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy  49b - explain the impact of the new communist regime in China, the outbreak of the Korean War, and how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy  49c - describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban missile crisis  49d - describe the Vietnam War, the Tonkin Resolution, and the Tet Offensive  49e - describe the impact of competition with the USSR, as evidenced by the launch of Sputnik I, and the ensuing space race, and President Eisenhower's actions (defense spending)  49f - explain the role of geography on the U.S. containment policy, the Korean War, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War

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The Cold War and the danger of nuclear war define international affairs, especially after the Korean War. Fear of communism in the U.S. leads to accusations against innocent citizens. ry/coldwar/

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 An economic system based on one-party rule, government ownership of means of production, and decision making by centralized authorities  Secret Police  Purges

 An economic system in which there is private ownership of natural resources and capital goods  Free enterprise

 The United Nations  1945, United Nations established as new peacekeeping body  UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R. compete

 What is a “cold war?”  What started The Cold War?  Who were the two super powers that emerged from WWII?  What is the UN?

 Harry Truman (#33)  In Office: April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953  Democrat  FDR’s VP  “The buck stops here.”  Integrated the military  From Missouri  Scholars consider him one of the greatest U.S. Presidents

THE U.S. WANTED TO…  Create a new world order in which all nations had the right to self-determination  Gain access to raw materials and markets for its industries  Rebuild governments and create new markets  Reunite Germany THE U.S.S.R. WANTED TO…  Encourage Communism  Rebuild its war-ravaged country using resources from Eastern Europe  Control Eastern Europe to balance U.S. influence in Western Europe  Keep Germany divided and weak

 Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe  Soviet Union also has great economic, military strength  Unlike U.S., Soviet Union suffered heavy devastation on own soil  Installs communist rule in satellite nations, countries it dominates  1946, Stalin announces war between communism, capitalism inevitable

 United States Establishes a Policy of  U.S. policy of containment—measures to prevent spread of communism  guidAssetId=abaeca30-fe7f-4e33-b12f- a7af60d9f3bb guidAssetId=abaeca30-fe7f-4e33-b12f- a7af60d9f3bb

 What is a Cold War?  Who were the powers involved?  Describe the policy of containment.  What are satellite nations?  What did Churchill mean by “iron curtain?”

U.S. will fight for the freedom of other nations and people around the world

 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes aid to nations in need  Marshall Plan revives 16 nations; Communist parties less appealing  fm?guidAssetId=232f0796-c0c8-4d41-89f4- 06de6477c618 fm?guidAssetId=232f0796-c0c8-4d41-89f4- 06de6477c618

 1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into West Berlin  Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies into West Berlin  327 days  277,000 flights  2.3 million tons of supplies  Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), German Democratic Republic (East Germany) form  AssetId=d2aae604-5eef-4c de91dd7d723 AssetId=d2aae604-5eef-4c de91dd7d723

An attack on one is an attack on all!

CHIANG KAI-SHEK  Nationalists  Ruled in southern and eastern china  Relied on aid from U.S.  Suffered from economic hardship  Weak leadership and poor morale  com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=A73 654F E-AB ECBF3B&blnFromSearch= 1&productcode=US com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=A73 654F E-AB ECBF3B&blnFromSearch= 1&productcode=US MAO ZEDONG  Communist  Ruled in northern China  Relied on aid from the Soviets  Attracted peasants with promises of land reform  Experienced Guerillas

 North Korea Attacks South Korea  1950, North Korea invades South, begins Korean War  South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion  tory/koreanwar/ tory/koreanwar/  fm?guidAssetId=d9336fc6-d8ea-477d-ae bb882a fm?guidAssetId=d9336fc6-d8ea-477d-ae bb882a

 What are satellite nations?  What is the Truman Doctrine?  What is the Marshall Plan?  What happens in the Berlin Airlift?  What happens in China?  How does the Korean War start?  How is Korea divided?

 War lasts for about 2 years  1953 armistice: Korea still divided;  Lack of success, high human, financial costs help elect Eisenhower

 In Office: January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961  Supreme Allied commander in WWII  Republican  From Texas  Interstate system

During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of communism leads to reckless charges against innocent citizens

 American Sentiments  Communist takeover of Eastern Europe, China fuel fear of its spread  100,000 in U.S. Communist Party; some fear may be loyal to U.S.S.R

 House Un-American Activities Committee investigates Communist ties  Hollywood blacklist—people with Communist ties, cannot get work  fm?guidAssetId=3C A1-AD4A- 94EF5B238E70 fm?guidAssetId=3C A1-AD4A- 94EF5B238E70

 1949, Soviets explode atomic bomb sooner than expected  Physicist Klaus Fuchs admits giving information about U.S. bomb  Ethel, Julius Rosenberg, minor Communist Party activists, implicated  Rosenbergs sentenced to death; Supreme Court upholds conviction  ?guidAssetId=d82fc96a-77ba-4e5a c5f8d843a434 ?guidAssetId=d82fc96a-77ba-4e5a c5f8d843a434

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 What are satellite nations?  What is the Truman Doctrine?  What is the Marshall Plan?  What happens in the Berlin Airlift?  What happens in China?  How does the Korean War start?  How is Korea divided?

 1954, McCarthy accuses members of U.S. Army  Televised hearings show him bullying witnesses  Loses public support; Senate condemns him for improper conduct

 Think (30 seconds)  Pair (1 minute)  Share!

 What was the Truman Doctrine?  What is containment?  What was the Marshall Plan?  What happened in China? Why was this important in the Cod War?  Why was Korea divided?  Where was it divided?  Who was the “witch hunting” senator from WI?  What committee “blacklisted” Hollywood insiders as communists?

 Race for the H-Bomb  H-bomb—hydrogen bomb—nuclear weapon more powerful than atom bomb  1952, U.S. explodes first H-bomb; 1953, Soviets explode one  The Policy of Brinkmanship  willingness to risk nuclear war to prevent spread of communism

 Nikita Kruschev  Had same goals as Stalin but favored peaceful coexistence

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) uses spies to gather information

 Form Warsaw Pact—military alliance with 7 Eastern European countries

 October 1957, Soviets launch Sputnik, first artificial satellite  Shocked Americans pour money into own space program

 A U-2 Is Shot Down  CIA makes secret high-altitude flights with U-2 to spy on Soviets  U-2 incident renews tension between superpowers  wOnly=1&guidAssetId=946d abe5-cc c2b wOnly=1&guidAssetId=946d abe5-cc c2b

Use your own sheet of paper to answer the following questions: 1. What two nations emerged from WWII as the strongest in the world? 2. What is the name of the peace-keeping force established in 1945 and still around today? 3. What were the nations where the U.S.S.R. established communist governments? 4. What was the name of the U.S. policy to limit the spread of communism? 5. What was the name of the plan to rebuild war-devastated Europe? 6. Name of the effort to fly in supplies to an isolated West Berlin? 7. Who became the communist leader of China? 8. What line separated North and South Korea? 9. Who was the Senator that used “witch hunting” techniques to expose communists in U.S.? 10. What was the name of the first satellite launched into space?

1. U.S. and Soviet Union 2. U.N. or United Nations 3. Satellite 4. Containment 5. Marshall Plan 6. Berlin Airlift 7. Mao Zedong th parallel 9. Joseph McCarthy 10. Sputnik