Immune Response Nonspecific Immune Response Inflammation –Swelling, redness, pain, itching, warmth –Histamines cause the blood vessels to spread open.

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Presentation transcript:

Immune Response

Nonspecific Immune Response Inflammation –Swelling, redness, pain, itching, warmth –Histamines cause the blood vessels to spread open WBCs squeeze out of the bloodstream –WBCs attack the pathogen

Blood stream phagocyte bacteria phagocyte

Nonspecific Immune Response Fever –Chemicals cause the hypothalamus to increase body temp –Stimulates interferon production Prevents virus reproduction –Increases rate of WBC maturity

Specific Immune Response Body must be able to identify its own cells Antigens: proteins markers on the surface of pathogens (uniforms) Immunity: body produces memory cells to “remember” specific antigens

pathogen phagocyte Phagocyte engulfs the pathogen via phagocytosis

Antigens from the pathogen are displayed on cell membrane Antigen presenting phagocyte

Antigen Presenting phagocyte T cell binds to the antigen presenting cell. Protein activates T cell T cell

T cell begins to divide into two types of cells: –Memory T Cells –Activated T Cells T cell Memory T Cells: used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated T Cells: fight current pathogen

Activated T cells bind to infected body cells that show the proper antigens T cell Memory T Cells Activated T Cells Infected body cell showing antigens

Infected body cell bursts T cell Memory T Cells Activated T Cells Infected body cell showing antigens

Inactivated B cell pathogen Pathogen binds to the antibodies of a B-cell

pathogen Inactivated B cell B-cell engulfs the pathogen

Inactivated B cell Pathogen antigens displayed on cell membrane

Inactivated B cell T-cell attaches to the antigens of the B-cell T cell

Inactivated B cell B-cell becomes activated T cell Activated B cell

B-cell divides into two types of cells: –Memory B-cells –Activated B-cells Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell

Activated B-cells produce and release thousands of antibodies each Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Memory B-cells: Reserve cells to be used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen antibody pathogen

Activated B-cells produce and release thousands of antibodies each Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Memory B-cells: Reserve cells to be used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen antibody pathogen

Antibodies bind to pathogens Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen antibody pathogen

Phagocytes eat the pathogen clump Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen antibody PHAGOCYTE

Khan Academy: Humoral Immunity

Vaccination Prevention (not a cure) Vaccination process –Weakened pathogen introduced –Immune system produces… Antibodies to fight the weakened pathogen Memory cells for future infections Goal: Speed up immune response if you encounter the actual virus

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