Deaf Culture By Vicki Hardy
What is Deaf Culture? Deaf culture describes the social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values and shared institutions of communities that are affected by deafness and which use sign language as the main means of communication.
The DEAF History Martha's Vineyard Only Deaf Community in America 1690-1880 French Sign Language Established Charles Michel De L'Eppe 1760 Ancient Greeks Deny Deaf Education 355 B.C. 1817 First American Deaf School Founded Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet & Laurent Clerc 1500’s First Attempts at Educating the Deaf Pedro Ponce de Leon, a Benedictine Monk To communicate necessary information, they develop their own form of sign language. 1755 Start of Oral Education
The Deaf History, continued National Deaf-Mute College became Gallaudet College 1894 Gallaudet College Opens Abraham Lincoln signs on the only deaf college 1864 Phone for Deaf Invented It is called TTY. Robert Weitbrecht invented. 1964 1968 Legislation at Work Bilingual Education Act (P.L. 89-10) is passed. American Sign Language is not included because it is not recognized as a language 1880’s The Conference of Milan Endorses Oral Education "Golden Age of Deaf Education" American Sign Language flourishes. Approximately 40% of all teachers are Deaf 1840 - 1912 1927 Rise of Oralism
The Deaf History, continued Public Law 94-142 is passed 1975 Program Captioning Introduced 1972 Deaf President Now Consider as the Revolution of the Deaf 1988 Cochlear Implants Approved 1985 1987 Deaf Actress, Marlee Matlin, Wins Oscar for her role in the movie, “Children of a Lesser God” 1973 The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 1978 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is passed.
Literacy Traditions ASL – American Sign Language ASL Storytelling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diWPsb35QsYThea tres/Movies Books “Go to the Hill” by Stevie Platt, deaf author Arts Chuck Baird, deaf artist Granville Redmond, deaf impressionism artist
Values and Beliefs Values Deaf schools over mainstreamed schools ASL over Signed Exact English/Oralism Deaf Clubs/Organizations/Sports Bilingual education over English only education Deaf marriages over Deaf/Hearing marriages
Norms ~ Social Behaviors Eye contact Expression Time means nothing to us (prolonged Goodbyes) Conversations Blunt – “You gained, what happened?” Detailed – “I go store to buy pad for my period. I forgot to buy some so I use toilet paper. Then saw a friend there, she said….blah, blah, blah!.” Code switching with hearing people
Members of Deaf Community Deaf people Family of Deaf person Parents/Grandparents Siblings Spouses Interpreters Teachers of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing CODA (Children of Deaf Adults)
Technology Closed Captions Hearing Aids (Analog and Digital) Videophone Vibrating/Flashing Alarm Clocks Signaler for Doorbell/Phone/Fire/Baby Crying Phone (texting)
Interesting Facts Thomas Alva Edison, a hearing loss inventor. National Association of the Deaf did census of Deaf Americans; counted 13.4 million hearing and 1.8 million deaf Americans. Comparatives of cultures - http://www.deafculture.com/ethnic_culture/
Resources/Links Clubs/Organizations ASL – American Sign Language Children of Deaf Adults CODA Brothers - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZjah32LoW0&feature=related Children of Deaf Adults, Inc. - http://coda-international.org/blog National Association for the Deaf - http://www.nad.org/ World Federation of the Deaf - http://www.wfdeaf.org/ ASL – American Sign Language www.aslpro.com http://www.lifeprint.com/ http://www.handspeak.com/ Technology www.sorensonvrs.com www.harriscomm.com/
Work Cited Lane, H., Hoffmeister, R., & Bahan, B., (1996). A Journey into the Deaf World. San Diego, CA. Dawn Sign Press. Correll, J., (2005). Inside deaf culture. Deafness & Educational International. 7(4), 223-224 http://www.deafculture.com/ethnic_culture/ (2005- 2011) http://www.signmedia.com/info/adc.htm http://www.aslinfo.com/deafculture.html http://www.culturediversity.org/deaf.htm http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/culture/deafh istory.html