GSE M&M WEEK 11

Today’s Schedule Return Quizzes and other papers Review CLT and presentation groups Application of CLT methods The Natural Approach Cooperative Language Learning Content Based Instruction Task-based Language Teaching Sample Lesson Plan How does this lesson plan follow your method? How could you modify this lesson to better fit your method?

Introduction to Current Methods Communicative Language Teaching marked the beginning of the current language teaching methods period Began in the 1980s Applied linguistics began emphasizing functional and communicative potential of language, and modifying teaching practices to emphasize these The philosophy of CLT has spawned several teaching practices including the Natural Approach, Content- Based Teaching, Task-Based Teaching, and others

Communicative Language Teaching Is seen as an approach to language teaching (not method) Learning to use English (weak) vs using English to learn it (strong) No one book or authority on CLT Focus on communication from the beginning (not delayed) Learner-centered and experienced-based Language carries out a task and is meaningful to learners Syllabi consist of Topics (food, weather) Functions (describing, requesting info) Notions (time, frequency, duration, Vocabulary and grammar needed

Comparing Current Methods (handout)

Project #2 Current Methods 2-3 people per group (Natural, Coop, CBI, TBLT) Assignment: Teach a Mini Lesson ~15 minutes using your selected method. Structure Introduce method, tell us what we will see in your lesson, what age/level we (the students) are Teach your lesson Conclusion and Q&A Other considerations Your project’s unity (dividing up the roles equally) is very important You will need to turn in a lesson plan stating everyone’s roles Someone will need to introduce the lesson, 2-3 people can take turns teaching Someone will need to make materials (worksheet + PPT) for the lesson

Grading Rubric Unity/evenly divided roles 10 points Method clearly demonstrated 15 points Materials (handouts, PPTs, etc) 10 points Use other resources besides textbook 5 points Participation 10 points Total 50 points

Sign Up Sheet Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 The Natural Approach Yong Min JooWon Cooperative Learning Content Based Instruction Peggy Rose Task Based Language Teaching

Application of Methods to Teaching How will you teach a mini-lesson using this method? All methods we are studying are variations of Communicative Language Teaching Focused on communication Learner Centered Students complete tasks by using English Materials: text-based, task-based, and realia

Application of Methods to Teaching Determine your students’ Age Ability Background knowledge (in relation to task) Decide what content you want to teach Reading, Writing, Listening, Speaking focus? Grammar or vocabulary? Do you want to teach about culture?

Types of Materials Text-based: Textbooks Task-based: handbooks, cue cards, activity cards, pair communication materials Games, Role plays, Communication activities (information gap, jigsaw) Realia: Real life materials advertisements, menus, maps, charts

Procedures present a dialogue Oral practice Q&A Study communicative expressions Learner discovery of rules Oral recognition or production activities

The Natural Approach Input hypothesis i+1 Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis: competency can be developed through acquiring an L2 like an L1, and through learning conscious rules about the language Monitor hypothesis: Ss need time, focus on the form, knowledge of rules to initiate conscious learning Affective Filter Hypothesis: Motivation, Self-Confidence, and anxiety reduction needed for effective learning

The Natural Approach Basic personal communication skills: oral, written Academic learning skills: oral, written Stages of learning: pre-production, early- production, and speech-emergent Use realia rather than textbooks No unique techniques, so do whatever you like 

Cooperative Language Learning Most speech is organized in conversation, focus on communicative competency Critical thinking skills, question matrix Cooperative activities: formal groups, informal groups, cooperative base groups Individual accountability

Cooperative Language Learning Team practice from common input, jigsaw activities, discovery learning Importance of materials to aid cooperative learning

Content-Based Instruction Decide which content to teach through English Different programs to model: Immigrant On-Arrival Programs Limited English Proficiency (LEP) English for Specific Purposes (LSP) Theme-based language instruction, sheltered content instruction (SIOP) adjunct language instruction, team- teach approach, skills-based approach

Content-Based Instruction Language is a means of acquiring information. CBI activities emphasize the need to learn a language Language is text and discourse based, on integrated skills, and purposeful Build on learner’s background knowledge. Teach skills and strategies for acquiring knowledge. Learn by doing and through collaborative learning Materials are heavily used

Task-Based Language Teaching Tasks give students a context for learning to take place. Focus on process rather than product “Getting there is half of the fun!” Categories of team performance: orientation, organizational functions, adaptation, and motivational functions TBLT is a learning theory rather than language theory – language is a means of making meaning, draw on structural, functional and interactional models of language

Task-Based Language Teaching Choose a real world task that meets needs of learners Figure out what pedagogical tasks can be accomplished through the real world task Figure out what your goal is and how students will achieve that goal (p.234) Figure out how to prepare learners, and sequence the task for optimal learning (pre task, task and post task) Real world materials emphasized