Chapter 20: Lymphatic System

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 20: Lymphatic System

Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Lymph Lymph: clear fluid that resembles plasma and is formed from plasma during capillary exchange Composition of lymph: water, electrolytes (Na+ and Cl-), waste from metabolizing cells, and some Albumin (protein) that leaks out of the capillaries of the systemic circulation Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Lymph (cont’d.) Formation: water and dissolved solute filters out of capillaries and into tissues  tissue fluid drains into lymphatic vessels  drains into larger ducts and then into blood 20 L/24 hours is formed Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Lymphatic Vessels Lymph capillaries and blood capillaries. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphatic Vesselks (cont’d.) Lymphatic vessels: includes lymphatic capillaries and several larger lymphatic vessels; “run with” the veins Veins similar to blood vessels, including valves Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphatic Vessels (cont’d.) Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphatic Vessels (cont’d.) Drainage of lymph: Most lymph drains into the thoracic duct Lymph from the right arm, right side of head, and thorax drain into right lymphatic duct Both ducts empty into the subclavian veins Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphatic Vessels (cont’d.) Forces that move lymph: Not pumped like blood Moves in response to: skeletal muscle contraction chest movement contraction of smooth muscle in the lymphatic vessels Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphatic Vessels (cont’d.) Elephantiasis Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphatic Vessels (cont’d.) lymphedema Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Lymphoid Organs Organs: Lymph nodes Tonsils Thymus gland Spleen Functions: Filter particles from lymph, tissue fluid, and blood Support immune activities of lymphocytes Protect body against infection Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Lymph nodes: small pea-shaped patches of lymphatic tissue that filter lymph as it flows through the lymphatic system Cervical lymph nodes drain and cleanse lymph from head and neck areas Axillary lymph nodes drain and cleanse lymph from upper extremities, shoulders, and breast area Inguinal lymph nodes drain and cleanse lymph from lower extremities and external genitalia Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Lymphoma Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Tonsils: partially encapsulated lymph nodes in the throat area Locations: Palatine tonsils: opening of oral cavity into pharynx Pharyngeal tonsils: opening of nasal cavity in upper pharynx (also called “adenoids”) Lingual tonsils: back of the tongue Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Tonsils Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Tonsillitis Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Tonsillectomy Postoperative bleeding is a concern Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Thymus gland: produces and helps differentiate the lymphocytes (T cells), located in the upper mediastinum thoracic cavity, shrivels up after puberty Plays an important role in the immune response Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Spleen: largest lymphoid organ in the body; located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm Very vascular Considered a large lymph node Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lymphoid Organs (cont’d.) Functions of the spleen: Filters blood Stores blood Has resident WBCs that phagocytose microorganisms Removes worn-out red blood cells and platelets Produces RBCs before birth When injured, presents a major bleeding problem  spleenectomy may be needed Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.