Symbiotic Relationships

Symbiotic Relationships symbiosis - the relationship between two different individual species that live together in a close relationship (living together) The word symbiosis can be broken down into two parts to determine its meaning sym means together bio means life

Types of Symbiosis There are three types of symbiotic relationships Mutualism (+, +) Commensalism (+, 0) Parasitism (+, -) Each relationship can be shown using + , - , or 0

Mutualism mutualism - a relationship where both organisms benefit Think of a normal friendship where both friends gain something from the friendship The acacia galls are homes to stinging ants and the ants defend acacia from other insects that would harm tree leaves.

Mutualism Flowers and their Pollinators (Example:  Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread pollen.)

The moray eel gets a clean mouth and the cleaner fish gets a meal. Mutualism The moray eel gets a clean mouth and the cleaner fish gets a meal.

Mutualism Birds and mammals eat berries and fruits while the plant benefits by the dispersal of it seeds.

Mutualism The oxbird gets rid of the parasiteson the antelope and allows the oxbird to have a meal.

Mutualism Cleaners eat insect pests from the skin of animals.

Mutualism Algae and Fungi (Lichen) - Alga gets water and nutrients from the fungus and the fungus gets food from the algae.

Mutualism Many herbivores such as cows, sheep, deer, horses and rabbits depend on bacteria that live in their stomachs to break down the plant material.

Mutualism The corals get food and the algae are protected.

Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale Commensalism commensalism – a relationship where one species benefits while the other species remains unaffected A + / 0 relationship Think of a friendship where one of the friends benefits while the other doesn’t change Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale

Commensalism One species uses a second organism for housing such as small mammals or birds that lives in holes in trees or orchids which live in trees. Orchid in rainforest Venezuela

Commensalism Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass and the egrets hang around and eat insects.

Commensalism Clown fish get their protection from the sea anemone and the anemone is unaffected.

Shark eats and the remora gets the scraps left by the shark. Commensalism Shark eats and the remora gets the scraps left by the shark.

Parasitic isopod on fish Parasitism parasitism – a relationship where one organism benefits (parasite) while the species it depends on (host) is harmed host – an organism on which a parasite lives A + / - relationship Think of a friendship where you might feel used by your friend Parasitic isopod on fish

Parasitism Ticks and fleas that live in a host animal's fur bite the animal and drink its blood are parasites.

Parasitism Mistletoe takes moisture and nutrients from the plant while the woody plant has to support itself and the mistletoe.

Parasitism Insects such as mosquitoes feeding on a host are parasites.

The tick eats the blood of a human and the human receives Lyme disease from the tick. Parasitism

Parasitism Vines such as Kudzu growing on Trees

Parasitism Tomato Hornworm with Wasp Eggs

The tapeworm attaches itself to the intestines of a dog and the tapeworm takes nutrients from the dog. Parasitism

Parasitism Tapeworm or Hookworms living in Host's Gut

Symbiosis – Brain Pop