Nursing Assessment: Reproductive System Chapter 51 Overview Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 2

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 51-1. Male reproductive tract. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 4

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Male Reproductive System, continued Testes Ducts Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 5

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 51-2. Seminiferous tubules, testis, epididymis, and ductus (vas) deferens in the male. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 6

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Male Reproductive System, continued Glands External genitalia Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 7

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Pelvic organs Ovaries Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 8

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 51-3. Female reproductive tract. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 9

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 10

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Pelvic organs, continued Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Pelvis External genitalia Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 11

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 51-4. External female genitalia. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 12

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Female Reproductive System, continued Breasts Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 13

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 51-5. The lactating female breast. A, Glandular structures are anchored to the overlying skin and the pectoral muscle by suspensory ligaments of Cooper. Each lobule of glandular tissue is drained by a lactiferous duct that eventually opens through the nipple. B, Anterior view of a lactating breast. In nonlactating breasts, glandular tissue is less evident with adipose tissue comprising most of the breast. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive System Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 15

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 51-6. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Only the major pituitary hormone actions are depicted. FSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; ICSH, interstitial cell–stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 16

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Table 51-1. Gonadal Feedback Mechanisms. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 17

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Menarche Menstrual Cycle Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 18

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 51-7. Events of the menstrual cycle. The various lines depict the changes in blood hormone levels, the development of the follicles, and the changes in the endometrium during the cycle. FSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 19

Structures and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Menopause Phases of Sexual Response Male sexual response Female sexual response Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 20

Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on Reproductive System and Sexual Response Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 21

Assessment of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Subjective Data Important health information Past health history Medications Surgery or other treatments Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 22

Assessment of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Subjective Data, continued Functional health patterns Health perception–health management pattern Nutritional-metabolic pattern Elimination pattern Activity-exercise pattern Sleep-rest pattern Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 23

Assessment of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Subjective Data Functional health patterns, continued Cognitive-perceptual pattern Self-perception–self-concept pattern Role-relationship pattern Sexuality-reproductive pattern Coping–stress tolerance pattern Value-belief pattern Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 24

Assessment of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Objective Data Physical examination: male Pubis Penis Scrotum and testes Inguinal region and spermatic cord Anus and prostate Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 25

Assessment of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Objective Data, continued Physical examination: female Breasts External genitalia Internal pelvic examination Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 26

Assessment of Male and Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 51-8. Laparoscopic views of the female pelvis. A, Normal image. B, Pelvic inflammatory disease. Note reddish inflammatory membrane covering and fixing the ovary and uterus to the surrounding structures. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 27

Diagnostic Studies of Reproductive Systems Urine Studies Pregnancy testing Hormone studies Blood Studies Tumor markers Serology tests for syphilis Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 28

Diagnostic Studies of Reproductive Systems Cultures and Smears Cytologic Studies Radiologic Studies Mammography Ultrasound Pelvic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 29