Petroleum Fuel Fuel Today, Toxic Tomorrow

Definition & Types  Petroleum : Oil that is pumped from the ground  Also known as Crude Oil or Black Gold  Means “Rock Oil”  Light Crude oil flows freely like water  Thick/Heavy Crude Oil is thick and sticky like Tar  Different Thicknesses range in color  From light yellow to the darkest black  Oil from different locations naturally have their own unique properties

Location  Texas is the top Producer of Petroleum in the United States  Followed by Alaska & California  Russia is the #1 producer of Petroleum in the world  Followed by Saudi Arabia & the United States  The majority of the petroleum in the world is found in the Middle East  Panama produces the least amount of Petroleum  2 Barrels a Day  In 2012, the U.S. produced 6,482 barrels of oil per day

Resource Benefits  The price of petroleum remains low compared to price of things such as wind and solar power  Petroleum is easily transportable  Can withstand high heats without breaking down  Has a high energy density, A little goes a long way  A very stable resource, because of the molecules of carbon and hydrogen in them

Environmental Consequences  Oil Spills  Land & Water  Toxic  Waste Oils  Exhaust  Pollutants released when burned:  Acid Precipitation  Global Warming

Resource Uses  Gasoline  47% of all of the Petroleum in the World in 2012  Lubricants  Plastic Bottles  Petroleum Jelly / Vaseline  Wax

Costs  Ultra Deep water, semi submersible off shore oil rig: $560 Million  Heavy Lift Ship: $240 Million  Used to transport the rig into position  Oil Pump Jack: $82,000  Used to lift the oil up to the surface  Land Rig: $26,950,000  In 2010 it cost approx. $420,000 a day to run a deepwater oil drill

Applicable Legislation  The Petroleum Act (1934)  States the rules of importing, transporting, storing, producing, refining, and blending of  The Norwegian Petroleum Act  States the rules of licenses, and fees of petroleum and drilling petroleum in Norway  Oil Prevention Pollution Regulation  Set requirement for the prevention of oil spills, as well as prepared for the spills  Clean Water Act  Regulates the releasing of pollutants into the water in the United States as well as standards of quality  Clean Air Act  Regulates the releasing of pollutants into the air, and also sets standards of air quality

Extra Facts  70% of the worlds energy consumption comes from “Crude Oil” (Petroleum) or other natural gasses  The World consumes around 84 Million Barrels of Petroleum A Day  Was formed more than 300 Million years ago  Has been used for more than 5,000 years  The U.S. uses the most Petroleum a day, between 20.5 & 21 Million Barrels a day

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Literature Cited Holt Environment Science Book