Environmental analysis applying inner-shell spectroscopies and the molecular orbital theory Jun Kawai Kyoto University Acknowledgements S. Kunimura, N.

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Environmental analysis applying inner-shell spectroscopies and the molecular orbital theory Jun Kawai Kyoto University Acknowledgements S. Kunimura, N. Sasaki Asahi Glass Foundation MTA-JSPS Joint Resaerch Project

Portable TXRF with Hamamatsu Photonics tube (1W)

kg 70kg 5 kg Non-mono X-ray tube 1 W Detection limit 1 ng August 2007

XRF X-ray TXRF XRF + Scat.X-ray Non-TXRF K: 6 ng Ca , Sc , Ti , V , Cr , Mn , Fe: 8 ng Ni: 24 ng S: 435 ng TXRF : Yoneda & Horiuchi (1971)

TXRF Yoneda & Horiuchi (1971) April, 2007 HoriuchiKunimura

9 ng of V Blank 20 x 7  L Vanadium containing mineral water

K: 6 ng Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe: 8 ng, Ni: 24 ng S: 435 ng 20  L x 0.5 ppm Cr

20 mm 0.8  m 1 mm 5 mm 100 mm Si wafer Al strips Egorov: X-Ray Spectrom. 33 (2004)360

Detector Sample Reflectors Conventional XRF TXRF H.J. Sanchez: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 194 (2002) 90

Waveguide Mode Formation Air Mo Be Mo Substrate 2 3

Ca - Fe 4 ng, Ni 12 ng Si 50  m W X-ray X-rays 50  m ~150  m … … ~25  m Music plate lens X-ray wave guide

Detection limit for various TXRF spectrometers

Donau Kamogawa Kyoto

50 kV X-ray tube zoom Standard soil sample (KKS) Pb 1077 ppm As 408 ppm Se 314 ppm Cd 614 ppm Hg 72 ppm

Conclusions Non-mono X-ray tube 1 W, TXRF: Detection limit 1 ng at August 2007 X-ray optics: wave guides, music lens, discharge X-ray tube, … Quantum chemistry-Pb La/Lb ratio…