Barbara Radwanek-Bąk Polish Geological Institute-Carpathian Branch Polias Geological Survey Some problems of sustainable management of mineral resources in Poland

Polish mineral resources over centuries

Mile stones of the polish mining and prospection geology 1253 – rock salt underground Bochnia mine rock salt Wieliczka mine native sulphur mining in Swoszowice near Krakow lignite mine in the Turoszów area Zn-Pb Bolesław mine discovery of Kłodawa salt dome deposit discovery of huge native sulphur deposits in the Tarnobrzeg area discovery of lignite deposits by Konin and Bełchatów 1957 – discovery of Cu ore deposits in the Lubin-Polkowice area 1959 – KGHM –Cu ores mining and processing plant opencast sulphur mine in Piaseczno discovery of hard coal deposit Łęczna in the Lublin Basin Zn-Pb mine at Olkusz lignite Bełchatów mine hard coal mine Bogdanka in the Lublin Basin

Number of depositsIntrinsically Economic Resources Extraction MineralsTotalof witch were exploited State on of which were exploited Energy source , , of which is solid , , Narural gas Crude oil Lignite761013, , Hard coal , , Metallic raw materials3682, , Zinc and lead ores Copper ores1552, , Chemical raw materials481181, , Native sulphur Rock salt19580, , Industral minerals and rocks7,952,74653, , Gypsums and anhydrites Ceramic and common clays1, , Crushed and dimension stones , , Natural aggregate5,1181,89314, , Glass sand Peat Limestone and marls for the cement and lime industry , , The main mineral resources and the amount of their extraction in 2005;in million tonnes, natural gas in billions m 3

Future forecast of the mining development in Poland Raw materialResources, economic and spatial planning conditioning Forecast Crude oillimited resources; small, old minesno development Natural gasnew resources and discoveries are possible, no economic neither ecological restrictions moderate development Hard coaldecreasing reserves in the active deposits - some new mines necessary to be built reorganization of mining sector, ecological restrictions status-quo, decreasing trend Ligniteextensive identified resources, ecological restrictions good conditions despite restrictions Cu ores(+ Ag, Au, Ni, Re, Se)economic reserves sufficient for about 30 years long extraction good conditions Zn-Pb oreseconomic reserves almost depleted, closure of active mines is expected in 5 years; first working of reserve deposits necessary exploitation almost finished Rock saltlarge identified resourcesgood conditions Natural aggregateslarge resources on a country scale, but shortage in some regions many strong ecological restrictions, decreasing deposits availability due to nature protection and land-use planning factors, good economic and market condition increasing of environmental and land-use conflicts with opencast mining strong development during 5 years Dimension and crushed stones Ceramic and common clays

Environmental and spatial planning conditioning of mining activity 1. A neccessity of keeping a number of environmental standards (water and air pollution, noise, waste management) 2. Minimization of anthropogenic impacts of mining industry to the environment 3. Growing of nature protected areas and objects 4. Development of housing and growing of spatial-planning conflicts 5. Decreasing of a mineral deposits and mineral resources accessibility, causing possible future lack of raw materials

a Housing development / mining activity conflict. Sandstone quarry at Klikuszowa

Housing and public facilities / deposit accessibility conflict. Natural aggregate deposits of the Dunajec valley.

Natura 2000 Net/deposits accessibitity conflict. Natural aggregate deposits of the Soła river valley

Type of mineral commodity Deposits available without any constrains (A) Deposits available with some constrains (B) Non available deposits (C) Quantity of deposits % of total regional resources Quantity of deposits % of total regional resources Quantity of deposits % of total regional resources Crushed and dimension stone 2019,67373,6136,7 Ceramic clays3348,54948,832,7 Natural aggregate217,317188,1124,6 Diatomite13,9396,1-- Ecological conflict of the mineral deposits in the polish part of the Carpathians

Type of mineral commodity Reasons of ecological-spatial-planning constrains Landscape protection Forest protection Soil protection Water protection Spatial planning Crushed and dimension stone Ceramic clays Natural aggregate Diatomite01000 Reasons of ecological and spatial-planning conflicts of mineral deposits exploited in the polish part of the Carpathians

Future mining = sustainable mining = sustainable management of mineral resources Sustainable mining - conducting mineral activity according to sustainable development principles. It relates to all stages of mining and processing activities. In the field of geology: 1. Elaboration of environmental management principles in the areas where minerals are exploited: - preparing geological studies and pre-feasibility studies with respect to the environmental factors; - preparing the environmental impact assessments. 2. Balancing mineral deposits and mineral resources and keeping the mining areas register. 3. Classifying and valorisation of the deposits - for the sake of their protection (accessibility) - to show the possible conflicts between their management, environment and land use-planning 4. Preparing the geological-economic- environmental maps of Poland in 1: Keeping activities for mineral waste utilization (investigations and tests, preparing maps showing location dumps of mineral waste useful for road construction) 6. Identification and assessment of the anthropopgenic mineral deposits.

Future mining=sustainable mining In the field of mining activity: 1. Decreasing of negative impacts of mining 2. Reasonable management and utilization of mineral resources 3. Securing the unutilized mineral reserves in abandoned deposits 4. Reclamation and redevelopment of mining sites and post mining areas 5. Geodiversity protection: - development of geoparks in post mining areas - elaboration geotourist attractions and/or geosities studies.

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Conclusions 1.Future development of mining have to be realized according to the sustainable development rules. 2.The pointed fields of the activity are realized with different intensity by the Polish Geological Survey. 3.

Stan zasobów węgla kamiennego, brunatnego i torfu w latach Stan zasobów gazu ziemnego i metanu pokładów węgla w latach

Resources of main metal raw materials in Resources of chemical raw materials in