Aim: What makes the moon appear to change shape? Do Now: What are the four seasons and why do we have them? Homework: Handout 17-5 & 17-6

What are the 2 motions of the moon? Rotation & Revolution How long does it take the moon to rotate once? It takes the moon 27 1/3 days to rotate once on its axis

Why do we always see the same side of the moon? The moon’s period of rotation & revolution are both 27 1/3 days Therefore: The same side of the moon is always facing the earth

How do we describe the moon’s position relative to the earth? Apogee- When the moon is farthest (away) from the earth Perigee- When the moon is closest to the earth

Which photo shows apogee?

Why? When does the moon rise and set each day? 50 minutes later each day Why? It takes this much time for the moon to catch up to the revolution of the earth.

The change in shape is because of the way the moon reflects light from the sun & How we see it from the earth as it revolves in its orbit around the earth c) The changing shapes of the moon are called phases. Why does the moon appear to change shape?

What is the difference between a waxing & waning moon? Waxing Phases – part of the moon that is visible increases b) Waning Phases – part of the moon that is visible decreases

What are the phases of the moon? New Moon – there appears to be no moon at all (Sun, Moon, Earth) 2. Waxing crescent phase – less than half the moon is visible from the earth First Quarter – there appears to be half a moon 4. Waxing gibbous phase – more than half the moon is visible

Full Moon – whole face of the moon is visible (Sun, Earth, Moon) 6. Waning gibbous phase - more than half the moon is visible 7. 3rd Quarter - there appears to be half a moon 8. Waning crescent phase – less than half the moon is visible from the earth What would come next?

What is today’s phase of the moon?

Aim: Lab: What makes the moon appear to change shape? Do Now: Prepare for quiz Homework: Study for quiz

The Moon's Phase

SUMMARY… Compare apogee and perigee. Why do we always see the same side of the moon? How long does it take the moon to complete one revolution around the earth? Rotation? Why does the moon appear to change shape?

Motions of the Earth & Moon: Quiz #1 The movement of the earth around the sun is called _______________. Day & night are caused by the earth’s _______. 3. The North Pole of the earth points toward ___________. The earth rotates on its axis from _______ to ________. 5. During the _________, the earth receives slanted rays from the sun.

D A C E B 6. What is the date of the earth at point A? 7. What season is the Southern Hemisphere having at point C? D A C E B

Is point E considered to be aphelion or perihelion? D A C E B

9. When the part of the moon that is visible increases the moon is said to be in its (waxing/waning) phase. 10. When there appears to be no moon at all & the Sun, Moon & Earth are all aligned the phase of the moon is the ________ moon.

Aim: How does an eclipse occur? Do Now: List the phases of the moon. Homework: Handout 17-7 & 17-8

How does an eclipse of the moon occur? A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes through the earths shadow Can only occur during a full moon (Sun Earth Moon) Observe a lunar eclipse.

What are the two parts of a shadow? The umbra – the very dark center 2. The penumbra- the outer lighter part of the shadow

What is the difference between a total lunar eclipse and a partial lunar eclipse? Total Lunar Eclipse – The moon moves entirely into the earths umbra Partial Lunar Eclipse – When only part of the moon moves into the earths umbra Sunlight can still reach the moon

How does an eclipse of the sun occur? A Solar Eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and the sun. The moon cast a shadow on the earth. Sun Moon Earth Observe solar eclipses. http://riker.ps.missouri.edu/RICKSPAGE/Moon/SolarEclipse.html

Solar Eclipse

What is the difference between a total solar eclipse and a partial solar eclipse? The entire face of the sun is blocked by the moon 2. Caused by the umbra 3. Visible from only a small part of the earth Partial Solar Eclipse- Only part of the suns face is blocked 2. Caused by the penumbra 3. Seen over a larger area of earth

Let’s Review… What causes a lunar eclipse? Explain the difference between umbra and penumbra. Where do you have to live on earth to see a total solar eclipse?

Aim: How does the moon affect the tides? Do Now: Draw a lunar eclipse (include umbra & penumbra) Homework: Handout (17-9 & 17-10)

Phases of Moon & Eclipses: Quiz #1 When the part of the moon that is visible increases it is said to be (waxing/waning). When the Sun, Moon & Earth are all aligned the phase of the moon is the (Full/New) moon. The darkest part of a shadow is called the (umbra/penumbra). An eclipse that occurs during the Full Moon phase is (solar/lunar). When the moon’s penumbra touches the earth, people within the penumbra see a (total/partial) solar eclipse.

What are tides? The changes in ocean water levels Low water level = Low Tide High water level = High Tide What causes the tides? The moons gravitational force pulls the water in the ocean toward the moon.

Tidal Bulge

Tides Low Tide High Tide

How do the tides change? 2 high tides & 2 low tides occur each day Flood tide = incoming tide Ebb tide = outgoing tide

What are Spring Tides? When the tides are higher and lower than normal tides. This is due to the earth, sun & moon lining up in a straight line (↑ gravity)

When are the 2 times in a month when the earth, sun & moon line up in a straight line? Spring Tide

Spring Tide

What are Neap Tides? Tides that are not as high or as low as usual Occurs during the moon’s first and last quarter The sun and the moon are at right angles to the earth

Neap Tide

SUMMARY How many tides do we have a day? What causes the tides? What is the difference between a spring tide and a neap tide? How does the earth, sun and moon line up during a neap tide?

Tides: Quiz #1 An incoming or rising tide is known as a _____ tide. A daily change in the level of the earth’s oceans is called __________. Tides that are not as high or as low as normal are called ________ tides. During what phases of the moon do Spring tides occur? What causes tides to occur?