Unit III - Planning MARIA REYLAN M. GARCIA, R.N. Central Philippine University School of Graduate Studies LESSON PRESENTATION Lopez-Jaena Street, Iloilo City

a. Define planning as an element of management and of nursing practice b. Arrange the different components of the planning hierarchy c. Identify the reasons or purposes of planning At the end of the interactive discussion, the graduate students will be able to:

d. Differentiate the four modes/orientations of planning and the different types of planning e. Describe the strategic planning process using the 9-method approach f. Differentiate the budgeting methods of fiscal planning

g. Criticize a planned expenditure using a decision package of the Zero-based budgeting approach h. Verbalize the importance of the components of planning hierarchy in the entire dynamics of an organization i. Make a personal vision, mission and philosophy

I. DEFINITION OF PLANNING a. Planning in the Management Process b. Planning in Nursing c. Planning Hierarchy II. REASONS/PURPOSES OF PLANNING III. TYPES OF PLANNING a. Modes/Orientation b. Strategic Planning

c.Operational Planning d.Fiscal Planning e.Tactical Planning

Failure is not an option in nursing. He, who fails to plan, plans to fail. Plans may become the best weapons.

Planning is deciding in advance what to do; who is to do it; and how, when, and where it is to be done.

 Henry Fayol  wise use of resources and the selection of the best approaches  proactive and deliberate process PLANNING IN THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

 skills like vision, creativity, flexibility and energy  continuous process  management functions are interdependent

PLANNING IN NURSING  Nurse administrators do not want to leave events to chance  provide nursing care desired and needed by the clients

PLANNING HIERARCHY Vision and Mission Philosophy Goals and Objectives Policies and Procedures Rules

VISION AND MISSION STATEMENTS  Vision statements are used to describe future goals of the organization.  Mission statements are brief statements identifying the reason why an organization exists.

PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS  The philosophy flows from the mission statement and then delineates the set of values and beliefs that guides all actions of the organization.

GOALS AND OBJECIVES  A goal is the direct result toward which effort is directed; it is the aim of the philosophy.  Objectives are similar to goals; but they are more specified and measurable than goals because they identify how and when the goal is to be accomplished.

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES  Policies are plans reduced into statements or instructions that direct organizations in their decision-making.  Procedures are plans that establish customary or acceptable ways of accomplishing a specific task and delineate a sequence of steps of required action.

RULES  Rules and regulations are plans that define specific action or nonaction.

WRITE YOUR OWN  VISION  MISSION  PHILOSOPHY

 increases the chances of success  forces analytic thinking and evaluation of alternatives  establishes a framework for decision making  orients people to action rather than reaction  includes day-to-day and future- focused managing

 helps avoid crisis management and provides decision-making flexibility.  basis for managing organizational and individual performance  increases employee involvement and improves communication  cost-effective

MODES / ORIENTATION  Reactivism  Inactivism  Preactivism  Proactivism

TACTICAL PLANNING  short-term planning  Lower-level units  The plans only span for one year or less because of short-term goals.

STRATEGIC PLANNING  long-term planning  involves a long period, usually three to ten years  forecasts the future success of an organization

The Mission and the Creed Data Collection and Analysis Assess strengths and weaknesses 9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

Goals and Objectives StrategiesTimetable 9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

Operational and Functional Plans Implementation Evaluation 9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

1. The Mission and the Creed 2. Data Collection and Analysis 3. Assess strengths and weaknesses 4. Goals and Objectives 5. Strategies

9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING 6. Timetable 7. Operational and Functional Plans 8. Implementation 9. Evaluation

OPERATIONAL PLANNING  This is the written blueprint for achieving objectives  management plan  Support tactical plans

FISCAL PLANNING  It is forecasting the costs of the organization based on current and projected needs.  Budget estimates expenditures and revenues by an agent for a stated future period.

4 COMMON BUDGETING METHODS  Incremental Budgeting  Flexible Budgeting  New Performance Budgeting  Zero-based Budgeting

ZERO-BASED BUDGETING  This type of budgeting method does not automatically assume that since a program has been funded previously, it should continue to be funded.

ZERO-BASED BUDGETING: EXAMPLE On implementing a mandatory Hepatitis B vaccination program at a nursing school  Objectives  Driving Forces  Restraining Forces

ZERO-BASED BUDGETING: EXAMPLE On implementing a mandatory Hepatitis B vaccination program at a nursing school  Alternative 1  Alternative 2  Alternative 3

 Marquis, B., & Huston, C. (2009). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application 6 th edition. 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins  Roussel, L. (2006). Nursing Management and Leadership 4 th edition. 40 Tall Pine Drive, Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishing, Inc.  CliffsNotes. (2012). Detailing Types of Plans. Retrieved January 10, 2012, from Types-of-Plans.topicArticleId-8944,articleId html