Make a list of everything that you know in your notes.

Driving Vacation School Clothing Recreation Geography had the same impacts on Ancient Greeks

 Consisted of mainly mountainous peninsula jutting into the Mediterranean Sea  Included approximately 1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas  Lands on the western coast of Anatolia were also part of ancient Greece

Greece is very mountainous  75% of Greece is covered by mountains  Difficult to farm Surrounded by seas  Greece is located on the Balkan Peninsula  Made trade easier  Could get what they could not grow  Also brought ideas back with them

 Mountains divided the land into a number of different regions  Mountains made it difficult to unite the Greeks under a single government  Developed small independent community within each valley  Made land transportation difficult

 With so little fertile land or fresh water for irrigation, Greece was never able to support a large population  Based their diet on basic staple crops  Grains, grapes, olives  Desire for more living space, grassland for raising livestock, and adequate farmland were factors that motivated the Greeks to seek new sites for colonies

 Sea shaped Greek civilization  Lived around a sea rather than on the land  The seas were important transportation routes (liquid highways)  Connected Greece with other societies  Sea travel and trade were important because Greece was poor in natural resources  Lacked timber, precious metals, and usable farmland

Greece has a Mediterranean climate Only 20% of the land was suitable for farming Winters are mild and wet – allows for limited farming – grapes and olives Summers are warm and dry – leads to drought – grapes and olives are one of the few plants that can survive the summer droughts

Cut off by mountains and the seas  Isolated  Led to the formation of city-states  Limited interaction and unity of Ancient Greece  Created fierce rivalries  Sea became a vital link  Hundreds of bays to provide safe harbor for ships  Skilled sailors  Traded olive oil, wine, and marble  Returned with grains, metals, and ideas  Adapted the Phoenician alphabet  Became basis for all Western alphabets

1650 B.C. – 700 B.C.

 Minoans  Mycenaean's  Dorians

2000 B.C. – 1400 B.C.

 Flourished on Island of Crete  Lightly color Crete on your map  Create a key and label the key Minoan Civilization and the time period

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos) Built by King Minos Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos) Built by King Minos

Palace of King Minos – North Entrance

Palace of King Minos - Interiors

Palace of King Minos – Throne Room

Minoan Ladies

Minoan Culture - Religion Minoan Priest Minoan Snake Goddess

Bull Cult

 Great trading power  Carried goods from the Black Sea to the Nile Valley and Phoenicia  Exchanged olive oil, honey, and wine for gold, precious stones, grain and linen  Wealthy merchants spent lavishly on their homes and personal comforts rather than on temples and tombs

Minoan Trade “Bireme” ship Coast of Crete

26 Earthquake (around 1700 BCE) Volcanic eruption (around 1500 BCE) Tidal waves (following volcanic eruption) The Minoans disappear “Good thing we did not build there!” the Greeks agreed happily. Natural disasters hit Crete!

2000 B.C. – 1200 B.C.

 On your map lightly color the Mycenaean civilization  Include this civilization and time period in your key as well  Label Mycenae on your map

 2000 B.C. invaded Greece from the north  Built on the achievements of the Minoans

 Located on a steep rocky cliff  Surrounded by a protective wall up to 20 feet thick  Could withstand almost any attack  Warrior-kings ruled the surrounding villages and farms  Kings dominated Greece from 1600 – 1200 B.C.

Aerial View of Mycenae

Mycenae Citadel & Reconstruction

The Trojan War Add this to your map and key The Trojan War Add this to your map and key

 1250 B.C.banded together under the leadership of the king of Mycenae to attack Troy, a rival power  Troy controlled trading routes between the Aegean and Black Seas

 Answer the questions in your notebook.  Title this TROJAN WAR ANSWERS

 1200 B.C. Mycenaean Kings fought a 10 year war against Troy (an independent trading city located in Anatolia)  Trojan youth kidnapped Helen  Many thought stories were fictional until…

Sir Heinrich Schliemann German Archeologist

Plan of the City of Troy

The Seven “Layers” of Ancient Troy

Homer’s Troy (VII)

Original Wall of the City of Troy

Wall of Troy Recreated

 Composed in 750 B.C.  Tells the story  Paris, a Trojan prince kidnapped Helen the wife of the King of Sparta  The Spartan King and his brother Agamemnon, of Mycenae involved all of Greece in the effort to rescue Helen  After 10 years of war, Troy destroyed the Trojans into exile

The “Trojan Horse”?

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1200 B.C. – 700 B.C. (DORIANS}

 Around 1200 B.C. sea raiders attacked and burned palace after palace The Dorians had iron weapons!  Dorians moved in  Far less advanced  Central economy collapsed  Trade came to a standstill  Temporarily forgot the art of writing (no written record exists for 400 years)  Little known about this period

 Also called the Homeric Age  Learning took place through the spoken word  Homer – Greatest storyteller - Blind

Greek Culture Declined

Homer, the Blind Poet

 Lacking writing, Greeks learned about the Trojan War through the spoken word  Greatest storyteller was a blind poet named Homer  Trojan War forms the backdrop for the Iliad and the Odyssey

Homer’s Great Epics

 Developed a rich set of myths, or traditional stories, about their gods  Sought to understand the mysteries of nature and human passion