Mr. Roseman

Greek language polytheistic ideal of arete = excellence! reaching your full potential virtue, bravery, effectiveness a hero! (male or female)

many polises = city-states disunity diverse governments competitive  war extreme loyalty to polis

SPARTA Northern Greeks invaded Peloponnesus, c.1100 BCE polis at village of Sparta the natives became their slaves (helots) helots out-numbered Spartans oligarchy established

How do you think this made the Spartans feel? What could the Spartans do about this situation? What did they do to control the situation? Would you have permitted this to happen had you been a Spartan? Can we pass judgment on these actions taken by the Spartans?

Athens’ wealth = sea trade & farming society divided into 3 levels: 1. citizens = rich & poor, born in Athens, only men had political rights 2. metics = non-citizens, born outside Athens, usually merchants & artisans, could not take part in gov’t or own land 3. slaves = considered property, no rights Athenians had more freedoms than Spartans 1 st direct democracy warred with Sparta

governments varied between polises : monarchies aristocracies oligarchies tyrranies democracy Athens = direct democracy all citizens vote = everyone rules gov’t participation expected

Polytheistic gods: super-human human characteristics & faults Myths stories of the gods answered ?’s about nature & human emotions no heaven Oracles Olympics

“philosophy”: philo = love + sophy = wisdom “love of wisdom” logical analysis of the world Most Greek philosophers assumed 2 things when thinking: 1. The universe is ordered & certain laws govern how it works. 2. These laws can be understood by using reason & logic. Athens = philosophical center Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

sculpture images super-realistic human figure showed Greek ideal Architecture balance, symmetry, harmony columns temples The Parthenon (Athens) honored Athena influenced later European art

The Parthenon