The Golgi Body

Discovery Named after Camillo Golgi He was an Italian biologist who discovered the organelle with a light microscope in 1897

Structure Located near the end of the ER close to the nucleus Composed of several layers of cisternae (fluid-filled sacs) Has 3 different parts: cis-Golgi, medial-Golgi, and trans-Golgi

Function Is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules (lipids proteins, and carbs) coming from the ER Then sends the modified macro-molecules to different parts of the cell or outside of the cell Can be thought of as a post office for a cell Is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules (lipids proteins, and carbs) coming from the ER Then sends the modified macro-molecules to different parts of the cell or outside of the cell Can be thought of as a post office for a cell

Transport vesicles are used to move back and forth between the ER and Golgi bodies One side of the Golgi body receives transport vesicles produced by the ER The Golgi body marks and sorts the molecules into different groups to be sent in secretory vesicles inside or outside of the cell Transport & Secretory Vesicles

Protein Modification Proteins going to organelles or outside of the cell must be modified so that they are delivered Modifications happen when specific sugar molecules are added to a core oligosaccharide that is attached to a protein These sugar molecules are required for proper delivery

One example is Mannose 6-phosphate which is important in glycolysis Enzymes synthesized in the ER are delivered to the Golgi body via a transport vesicle, and in the cis-face specific sugars are added to the protein Eventually, once the enzyme has arrived at the trans-face, it has the required Mannose 6-phosphate Receptors receive the enzyme, it is transported via a vesicle, and when it arrives at the endosome, the enzyme is released and the phosphate removed One example is Mannose 6-phosphate which is important in glycolysis Enzymes synthesized in the ER are delivered to the Golgi body via a transport vesicle, and in the cis-face specific sugars are added to the protein Eventually, once the enzyme has arrived at the trans-face, it has the required Mannose 6-phosphate Receptors receive the enzyme, it is transported via a vesicle, and when it arrives at the endosome, the enzyme is released and the phosphate removed Example

Sources Pictures Research Campbell, Neil A., Lawrence G. Mitchell, Jane B. Reece. Biology Concepts & Connections, 3rd ed. San Francisco: Benjamin/Cummings,