Body Composition Questions zWhy is exercise an essential part of fat- loss programs? zIncreases E expenditure. zCreates a negative E balance. zRetains muscle tissue. zIncreases use of fat as a fuel. zHormone secretion.

Body Composition Questions zHow does improved CV fitness help control body composition? zCan accomplish more work. zUse fat as a primary fuel source.

Body Composition Questions zWhat effect does exercise have on the resting metabolic rate? zIncreases RMR. zIncreases post-exercise MR.

Body Composition Questions zIs aerobic exercise better than resistance exercise for fat loss? zResistance training may be as effective as aerobic training in fat-loss programs. zBoth should make-up a fat-loss program.

Body Composition Questions zIs high-intensity exercise better than low- intensity exercise for fat loss? zThe duration of the exercise and total distance is much more important than the speed (intensity) of exercise for maximizing the energy expenditure.

Body Composition Questions zAre spot reduction exercises effective for decreasing body fat in localized regions of the body? zNo. zThe regional distribution and mobilization of adipose tissue appears to follow a biologically selective pattern regardless of type of exercise.

Body Composition Questions zWhy should a fat loss diet include at least 55-65% carbohydrates? zCHO helps maintain normal function of the nervous system because nerve tissue relies solely on glucose as a fuel for energy.

Body Composition Questions zConsuming adequate amounts of CHO on a daily basis prevents the depletion of glycogen stores and the need to synthesize glucose from the body’s protein (protein-sparing effect).

Body Composition Questions zWhen glycogen stores are depleted, the glucose needs of the body are met through the breakdown of muscle protein. zThis leads to a loss of lean tissue rather than fat.

Body Composition Questions zCHO is also essential for fat metabolism. zWhen CHOs are restricted or CHO stores are depleted, more fatty acids are mobilized from adipose tissue that can be metabolized by the body.

Body Composition Questions zThis results in the incomplete breakdown of lipids and the formation of ketone bodies that may cause ketosis.

Body Composition Questions zIn addition, muscle glycogen and glucose are the primary fuels used during intense, short-term exercise and prolonged, submaximal exercise.

Body Composition Questions zInclusion of adequate amounts of CHO in the diet prevents depletion of muscle glycogen and the consequent reduction in endurance performance.

Body Composition Questions zWhy do low-carbohydrate diets produce such a rapid weight loss? zDiets that limit or totally exclude CHO produce a rapid weight loss. zWhen CHO intake is low, muscle glycogen stores are depleted rapidly.

Body Composition Questions zFor every gram of CHO, 3 grams of H20 are stored in the body. zWhen glycogen stores are depleted, the loss of water leads to a dramatic weight loss because each liter of water weighs approximately 2 lbs.

Body Composition Questions zThe weight is regained rapidly, however, when CHO intake returns to normal.

Body Composition Questions zWhy are low carbohydrate diets unsafe? zLow CHO intake may lead to fatigue, hypoglycemia, and ketosis.

Body Composition Questions zAre high-protein diets safe? zHigh-protein diets that limit CHO intake promote muscle tissue loss. zWhen CHO intake is restricted, the glucose needs of the body are met by breaking down proteins.

Body Composition Questions zExcessive protein intake does not promote protein synthesis. zInstead the excess protein is metabolized.

Body Composition Questions zThe amino acids are deaminated, the excess nitrogen is excreted in the urine as urea, and the remaining carbon skeleton is converted to glucose or used as an energy fuel.

Body Composition Questions zSome high-protein diets require drinking large quantities of water to prevent the dehydration caused by excess urea production and to wash away ketone bodies.

Body Composition Questions zDehydration and the additional stress placed on the kidneys may be potentially dangerous, especially for individuals with kidney problems or gout.

Body Composition Questions zAre high-fat diets unsafe? zYes zThey produce high levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides which may lead to atherosclerosis.

Body Composition Questions zTypically high-fat diets are high in calories, therefore a smaller volume of food must be consumed. zThere are no metabolic pathways in the body for converting fatty acids to glucose, so excess fat is stored in adipose tissue.

Body Composition Questions zWhat is the danger of fasting or skipping meals to promote weight loss? zPotential side effects include kidney malfunction, hyperuricemia, loss of hair, dizziness, fainting, and muscle cramping.

Body Composition Questions zWhen the body is deprived of food, it responds by increasing the fat-depositing enzymes and storing more fat. zThe body will also metabolize protein to meet its energy needs. zBody will absorb more of the food that appears in digestive system.