Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive * EMC 89/336/EEC and 2004/108/EC

What is EMC “Electromagnetic compatibility is the capability of electrical and electronic systems, equipments, and devices to operate in their intended electromagnetic environmemnt within a defined margin of safety, and at design levels or performance, without suffering or causing unacceptable degradation as a result of electromagnetic interference” New electronics products developed and pushed to the market:  handphones,  radio transmitters,  solid state switching devices,  computers, MP3’s,  motor drives devices …

Effects Effect of a big number of devices on the market:  the everyday increase of electromagnetic pollution  these devices cause emissions to the environment where they are used Result: This devices affect other electronic equipment which is susceptable to these emissions. As more microprocessors are used to replace analog or mechanical means of a product, it become apparent, that the issue of EMC cannot be ignored. Ignoring this will caused the product to suddenly malfunction or even caused damage to properties or lives.

EMC Directive In order to ensure that the equipments are designed to perform as close as possible in its environment, the European standards making body CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) has been mandated to produce EMC standards for use with the European EMC Directive. For telecommunications equipment ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) is the mandated standards body.

Free movement of goods Free movement of goods is one of the 4 basic principles in European Community (EC). Beside the free movement of goods the EC established also: – free movement of services, – free movement of capital and, – free movement of workers (people). To establish free movement of goods EU introduced the following principles: harmonization of essential requirements, mutual recognition of conformity assessment procedures, and prevention of new barriers for trade.

Single Market Free movement of goods is a cornerstone of the single market. The mechanisms in place to achive this aim are based on prevention of new barriers to trade mutual recognition and technical harmonisation. Member states of EC: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom; And member states of EFTA: Norway, Iceland, Lichtenstein.

Harmonisation of requirements for products Harmonisation of: Technical legislation (essential requirements);Technical legislation (essential requirements); Standards;Standards; Conformity assessment procedures;Conformity assessment procedures; Market surveillance activities.Market surveillance activities.

Harmonisation of technical legislation 1(2) Product Liability Directive General Product Safety Directive Council Resolutions on New Approach & Global Approach Council Decision on Modules New Approach Directives - NAD

Product Liability Directive – PLD, OJ 85/374/EEC;Product Liability Directive – PLD, OJ 85/374/EEC; General Product Safety Directive – GPS, OJ 92/59/EEC (new 2001/95/EC);General Product Safety Directive – GPS, OJ 92/59/EEC (new 2001/95/EC); Council Resolution on New Approach (7 May 1985);Council Resolution on New Approach (7 May 1985); Council Resolution on Global Approach (21 December 1989);Council Resolution on Global Approach (21 December 1989); Modular Approach Decision – MAD, OJ 90/683/EEC;Modular Approach Decision – MAD, OJ 90/683/EEC; Directive 98/34/EC - procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations;Directive 98/34/EC - procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations; New Approach Directives (24 directives).New Approach Directives (24 directives). Harmonisation of technical legislation 2(2)

New Approach Directives 1(4) 73/23/EEC Low voltage equipment73/23/EEC Low voltage equipment 87/404/EEC Simple pressure vessels87/404/EEC Simple pressure vessels 88/378/EEC Toys safety88/378/EEC Toys safety 89/106/EEC Construction products89/106/EEC Construction products 89/336/EEC Electromagnetic compatibility (new directive 2004/108/EC)89/336/EEC Electromagnetic compatibility (new directive 2004/108/EC) 89/686/EEC Personal protective equipment89/686/EEC Personal protective equipment 90/384/EEC Non-automatic weighing instruments90/384/EEC Non-automatic weighing instruments 90/385/EEC Medical devices: Active implantable90/385/EEC Medical devices: Active implantable 90/396/EEC Appliances burning gaseous fuels90/396/EEC Appliances burning gaseous fuels

New Approach Directives 2(4) 92/42/EECHot water boilers92/42/EECHot water boilers 93/15/EEC Explosives for civil uses93/15/EEC Explosives for civil uses 93/42/EEC Medical devices: General93/42/EEC Medical devices: General 94/9/EC Equipment and protective systems in potentially explosive atmospheres94/9/EC Equipment and protective systems in potentially explosive atmospheres 94/25/EC Recreational craft94/25/EC Recreational craft 94/62/EC Packaging and packaging waste94/62/EC Packaging and packaging waste 96/57/ECRefrigeration appliances96/57/ECRefrigeration appliances 95/16/EC Lifts95/16/EC Lifts 97/23/EC Pressure equipment97/23/EC Pressure equipment

New Approach Directives 3(4) 98/37/EC Machinery safety98/37/EC Machinery safety 98/79/EC Medical devices: In vitro diagnostic98/79/EC Medical devices: In vitro diagnostic 99/5/EC Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment99/5/EC Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment 00/9/EC Cableway installations designed to carry persons00/9/EC Cableway installations designed to carry persons 00/14/ECNoise00/14/ECNoise 04/22/EECMeasuring instruments04/22/EECMeasuring instruments Useful information about New Approach Directives:

New Approach Directives 4(4) Member states of EC have to implement the New Approach Directives in national technical legislation without any modifications. It is a duty of Member states to cancel all national technical legislation which is in contrary with New Approach Directives.

New Approach Directive Product complies with all applicable NAD (and EN standards), there are no additional requirements in any member state. The product has free access to the internal market of EC. Conformity assessment procedures

Standardisation Harmonised EN standards (the reference numbers are published in Official Journal) are essential tool to implement requirements of NAD. Application of harmonised standards is voluntary. The European Commission gave the mandate for preparation of harmonised EN standards to following institutions: CEN (common standards and standards not in the scope of CENELEC and ETSI), CENELEC (electrotehnical standards), and ETSI (telecommunication standards).

Basic structure of New Approach Directives Standard elements of the New Approach Directives: Scope (defines the range of products or phenomena covered);Scope (defines the range of products or phenomena covered); Placing on the market and putting into service;Placing on the market and putting into service; Essential requirements;Essential requirements; Free movement;Free movement; Presumption of conformity;Presumption of conformity; Safeguard clause;Safeguard clause; Conformity assessment procedures;Conformity assessment procedures; Notified Bodies (requirements);Notified Bodies (requirements); CE marking;CE marking; Coordination of implementation;Coordination of implementation; Transposition and transitional provisions.Transposition and transitional provisions.

Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive – EMC 1(2) At the moment there are two directives which deal with EMC: - the old one issued in 1989 (89/336/EEC), and - new one issued at the end of 2004 (2004/108/EC). The new EMC directive states that: -Member states shall issue national technical legislation up to 20 January 2007 (with validation at least from 20 July 2007), and -The provisions of the old EMC directive can be observed for all products which will be put on the market before 20 July 2009.

Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive – EMC 2(2) -The EMC directive was issued for the first time in 1989 and was amended with directive 92/31/EEC, and directive 93/68/EEC (so called CE marking directive). The complete name of EMC directive is: “Council directive on the approximation of the Laws of Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility.” There are several reasons for new directive regarding EMC: change in the field of telecommunication – new directive 99/5/EC, changes in technology, new harmonized standards, …There are several reasons for new directive regarding EMC: change in the field of telecommunication – new directive 99/5/EC, changes in technology, new harmonized standards, …

Objectives The main objective of the EMC directive is to guarantee the free movement of apparatus and to create an acceptable electromagnetic environment in the EEA territory. In order to achieve it, a harmonised and acceptable level of protection is requested in the Directive, based on Article 100a of the Union Treaty, leading to full harmonisation in the EEA. The level of protection requested is further specified in the EMC Directive by protection aims in the field of electromagnetic compatibility. The main goals are: a)To ensure that the electromagnetic disturbances produced by electrical and electronic apparatus does not affect the correct functioning of other apparatus according to the definition of Article 1.1 of the EMC Directive (see note 8), as well as radio and telecommunications networks, related equipment and electricity distribution networks. b)To ensure that apparatus have an adequate level of intrinsic immunity to electromagnetic disturbances to enable them to operate as intended.

Scope and terminology 1(3) 1.‘apparatus' means all electrical and electronic appliances together with equipment and installations containing electrical and/or electronic components. 2.‘electromagnetic disturbance' means any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a device, unit of equipment or system. An electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propagation medium itself. 3.‘immunity' means the ability of a device, unit of equipment or system to perform without degradation of quality in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance.

Scope and terminology 2(3) 4.‘electromagnetic compatibility' means the ability of a device, unit of equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment. 5.‘competent body' means any body which meets the criteria listed in Annex II and is recognized as such. 6.‘EC type-examination certificate' is a document in which a notified body referred to in Article 10 (6) certifies that the type of equipment examined complies with the provisions of this Directive which concern it.

Scope and terminology 3(3) (a) domestic radio and television receivers (b) industrial manufacturing equipment (c) mobile radio equipment (d) mobile radio and commercial radiotelephone equipment (e) medical and scientific apparatus (f) information technology equipment (g) domestic appliances and household electronic equipment (h) aeronautical and marine radio apparatus (i) educational electronic equipment (j) telecommunications networks and apparatus (k) radio and television broadcast transmitters (l) lights and fluorescent lamps.

Apparatus excluded from the scope of the EMC 1(2) cables and cabling systems, cables accessories.cables and cabling systems, cables accessories. equipment containing only resistive loads without any automatic switching device; e.g. simple domestic heaters with no controls, thermostat, or fan.equipment containing only resistive loads without any automatic switching device; e.g. simple domestic heaters with no controls, thermostat, or fan. batteries and accumulators.batteries and accumulators. Practical criteria for exclusion of products from scope of EMC: 1.The emission level is by the inherent nature of the physical characteristics and mode of operation (without internal protection measures such as filtering or shielding) far below the most stringent limits of the relevant EMC standards.

Apparatus excluded from the scope of the EMC 2(2) 2.With regard to immunity, experience shows that such apparatus does function satisfactorily by the inherent nature of its physical characteristics without additional measures when used as instructed by the manufacturer in the intended electromagnetic environment. Practical examples of such products: Fuses;Fuses; circuit breakers without electronic parts or components which are EM active;circuit breakers without electronic parts or components which are EM active; High voltage inductors and high voltage transformers;High voltage inductors and high voltage transformers; Capacitors (e.g. power factor correction capacitors);Capacitors (e.g. power factor correction capacitors); Induction motors;Induction motors; Quartz wrist watches without aditional functions (e.g. radio receivers);Quartz wrist watches without aditional functions (e.g. radio receivers); Filament lamps (bulbs).Filament lamps (bulbs).

Flow chart of conformity assessment procedures

Technical documentation 1(2) The technical data must include the following information, limited to what is essential to assess the conformity of the apparatus with the Directive : a general description of the product; a general description of the product; design and manufacturing drawings together with layout diagrams covering components, sub-assemblies, circuits, etc.; design and manufacturing drawings together with layout diagrams covering components, sub-assemblies, circuits, etc.; descriptions and explanations needed in order to understand the above mentioned drawings and diagrams as well as the operational aspects of the product; descriptions and explanations needed in order to understand the above mentioned drawings and diagrams as well as the operational aspects of the product; list of standards applied in whole or in part and a description of the solutions adopted in order to comply with the protection requirements of the Directive in cases where the standards have not been applied; list of standards applied in whole or in part and a description of the solutions adopted in order to comply with the protection requirements of the Directive in cases where the standards have not been applied;

Technical documentation 2(2) design calculation results arising from the EMC tests; design calculation results arising from the EMC tests; the technical report or the certificate issued by the competent body; the technical report or the certificate issued by the competent body; a copy of the EC declaration of conformity (this is not a requirement of the EMC Directive but as both it and the technical construction file have to be kept at the disposal of the competent authorities it seems sensible to do so); a copy of the EC declaration of conformity (this is not a requirement of the EMC Directive but as both it and the technical construction file have to be kept at the disposal of the competent authorities it seems sensible to do so); a copy of the instructions for use. a copy of the instructions for use. The manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the EEA keeps this documentation at the disposal of the competent authorities in case of challenge for a period of ten years after the last apparatus was placed on the market.

EMC and frequency bands 3V/m1mV/m 100  V/m

Basic test and standards - emission Harmonic current emission (EN );Harmonic current emission (EN ); Voltage changes, voltage fluctuations, and flicker (EN );Voltage changes, voltage fluctuations, and flicker (EN ); Voltage high frequency conductive disturbances (9 kHz to 30 MHz);Voltage high frequency conductive disturbances (9 kHz to 30 MHz); Radiated high frequency fields (9 kHz to 30 MHz);Radiated high frequency fields (9 kHz to 30 MHz); Radiated high frequency fields (30 MHz to 300 MHz);Radiated high frequency fields (30 MHz to 300 MHz); Radiated high frequency fields (300 MHz to 1000 MHz);Radiated high frequency fields (300 MHz to 1000 MHz); Emission standard for residential, commercial and light- industrial environments (EN );Emission standard for residential, commercial and light- industrial environments (EN ); Emission standard for industrial environments (EN ).Emission standard for industrial environments (EN ).

Basic test and standards – immunity 1(2) Electrostatic discharge immunity test (EN );Electrostatic discharge immunity test (EN ); Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test - 80 MHz to 2 GHz (EN );Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test - 80 MHz to 2 GHz (EN ); Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test (EN );Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test (EN ); Surge immunity test (EN );Surge immunity test (EN ); Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio- frequency fields – 150 kHz to 80 MHz (EN );Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio- frequency fields – 150 kHz to 80 MHz (EN ); Power frequency magnetic field immunity test (EN );Power frequency magnetic field immunity test (EN );

Basic test and standards – immunity 2(2) Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests (EN );Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests (EN ); Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c. power port, low frequency immunity tests (EN );Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c. power port, low frequency immunity tests (EN ); Voltage fluctuation immunity test (EN );Voltage fluctuation immunity test (EN ); Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments (EN );Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments (EN ); Immunity for industrial environments (EN ).Immunity for industrial environments (EN ).

EC Declaration of conformity The content of EC Declaration of conformity is defined in Annex I B in EMC directive. The elements which shall be on DoC are: description of the apparatus to which it refers, description of the apparatus to which it refers, reference to the specifications under which conformity is declared, and, where appropriate, to the national measures implemented to ensure the conformity of the apparatus with the provisions of the Directive, reference to the specifications under which conformity is declared, and, where appropriate, to the national measures implemented to ensure the conformity of the apparatus with the provisions of the Directive, identification of the signatory empowered to bind the manufacturer or his authorized representative, identification of the signatory empowered to bind the manufacturer or his authorized representative, where appropriate, reference to the EC type-examination certificate issued by a notified body. where appropriate, reference to the EC type-examination certificate issued by a notified body.

Useful internet links Basic internet page for EMC: emc/index.htm;Basic internet page for EMC: emc/index.htm; List of harmonised standards: standardization/harmstds/reflist/emc.html;List of harmonised standards: standardization/harmstds/reflist/emc.html; List of Notified Bodies and Competent Bodies: emc/cab.htm;List of Notified Bodies and Competent Bodies: emc/cab.htm; Guidelines: emc/guides/emcguide.htmGuidelines: emc/guides/emcguide.htm