Airport & Taxi Research Synergies: The Evolution and Metamorphosis of Airports into Quasi-Taxi Regulators Professor Matthew W. Daus, Esq. President, International Association of Transportation Regulators University Transportation Research Center – Region 2 (NY, NJ, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands) Taxi Research Network

My Experience Commissioner/Chair of Taxi & Limousine Commission (TLC) for over 8 years CEO of agency with 450+ employees, $29 million budget, & revenue of $43-$110+ million 6 ground transportation industries, with multi-billion $ revenues, and over 150,000 licensees Largest and most active regulator in world, transporting ½ billion passengers annually Medallion auctions raised <$200 Million for NYC; values tripled from $200 to $750K during tenure Longest serving agency head serving 2 Mayors Over 13 years of Transportation & Management Experience Regulation and policymaking; operations at business/community development agencies Over 9 years of Legal Experience (private & public sector) Masters of Law degree from NYU Law School General Counsel Managed legal departments (attorneys/Judges) at 2 agencies for 5+ years Extensive experience in administrative law, regulation and legislative drafting Public profile President, International Association of Transportation Regulators Over 8 years of extensive media experience (tens of thousands of Google hits; hundreds of television interviews; quoted in major daily newspapers weekly) Authored/published 13 legal/law review articles in state, national, & local law journals

IATR Membership: Government regulators of taxicabs and for-hire vehicles, and the industries that support them Mission: To educate government regulators, the public and the business community about effective transportation regulation To promote environmentally sound, efficient, exemplary and safe for-hire ground transportation service

UTRC of 10 original University Transportation Centers established in 1987 by Congress. Centers and faculty help resolve national and regional transportation problems and train professionals who address our transportation systems and their customers on a daily basis. The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Region II includes New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. UTRC 2 functions as a consortium of 12 major universities throughout the region, and is located at the City University of New York’s Institute for Transportation Systems at City College, the consortium’s lead institution. Member Universities include: CUNY; Columbia; Cornell; SUNY; Polytechnic Institute; Rutgers; Rowan; NJ Inst./Technology; NYU; Stevens Inst./Tech; University of Puerto Rico; and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Taxi Research Network Network of regulators, trade and academia to advance research and recognition of the taxi transportation mode. Executive Committee: Dr. James Cooper, Napier University Dr. Ray Mundy, University of Missouri Professor Matthew Daus, City University of New York Wim Faber, Brussels, Belgium Goal: To catalogue, organize and analyze existing research, as well as direct and develop new research initiatives working with individuals, organizations and institutions, and to publish important works in transportation journals.

Airports & Taxicabs Taxi drivers – the first and last face an airport traveler may see outside the terminal. Airport/Taxi Synergy: Safe, efficient, customer friendly and inexpensive taxi service supplements and helps the host city, airport customer service and the overall positive nature of the airport experience. Trend = more direct regulation of taxis on airport premises, replicating the work of regulatory licensing bodies.

Airport Benefits-Taxi Oversight Revenue Licensing, permit and use fees Fines and penalties Customer Service Open vs. closed entry - control of number of vehicles; Environmental goals (types/age of vehicles); Complaint systems - vehicle conditions and driver misconduct; Training; GPS/dispatch… Safety Criminal background checks; Drug testing; Security cameras/partitions; Driver misconduct….

Taxi Regulator & Host City Benefits & Issues Benefits Enhanced rules benefit safety and service to supplement regulatory efforts; Regulation that cannot be politically accomplished by regulator, can be by independent airport; Potential Issues/Downside Industry opposition –to fines, fees and regulation Strained relations with taxi regulator Two classes of vehicles and drivers

The Study Cooperation with various stakeholders and partners will be sought: Government member organizations: AGTA & IATR Trade or industry organizations: Taxi Limousine and Paratransit (TLPA); National Limousine Association (NLA) Academia: Taxi Research Network Universities of Missouri & City University of NY

Surveys AGTA Airport Survey Licensing, franchise or permit requirements Airport rule review and comparison to taxi regulation rules, both nationally and locally IATR Regulator Survey Licensing requirement review Airport related regulations Analysis of jurisdictional overlap Solicitation of Input from Trade Organizations

Case Studies After completion of survey, identify exemplar airports and host cities to conduct more in- depth analysis; Summarize and categorize various approaches –compare and contrast; Interview regulators, airport administration, industry members, and conduct local due diligence.

Municipal Airport Commission (MAC) Recent upgrade and infrastructure improvements MAC has own rules & driver handbook Minneapolis – License/Consumer Services Recent deregulation Own rules apply inside and outside airport Example – Case Study: Minneapolis, Minnesota

Vehicle Standards Vehicle Age – 6-8 year old accessible or clean air taxis not allowed at airport Vehicle Inspections – airport requires inspection at City of St. Paul but City of Minneapolis has separate inspections (reciprocity) Insurance – Airport requires minimum of $200K/$600K liability & property damage vs. $100K/$300K by City

Example – Case Study: Minneapolis, Minnesota Driver Licensing Standards Training – Airport & City now coordinate Criminal Background Checks – Airport prohibits any misdemeanor convictions in 5 yrs., but City limits to only serious misdemeanors in last 3 yrs.

Example – Case Study: Minneapolis, Minnesota Driver Conduct Rule Comparison (Examples) Varying levels of detail: Solicitation – Airport defines & City does not Different or additional requirements: Weapons – identical except Airport allows if carrier permit Courteousy – City limits to public, Airport applies to passengers, public, drivers, Airport reps Luggage – Airport refusal exception for excessive luggage & City requires all luggage except > 50 lbs. No similar or corresponding provisions: Prostitution – Airport only Discrimination – Airport only Cell Phones – Airport only

Study Goals To compare and contrast licensing requirements of airports and regulators; Identify trends, as well as best and worst practices; Assess administrative and political issues; Identify recommendations for further academic study and/or for synergy and cooperation between airports, regulators and the industry.

Questions & Comments? Thank you to Dr. Mundy and AGTA for your time and the opportunity to work together! We can only accomplish this through your cooperation. We hope we can count on your support.