SPATIAL FRAMEWORK FOR A TITLE REGISTRATION SYSTEM: UNIQUE PARCEL IDENTIFIERS AND CADASTRAL MAPS

TITLE REGISTRATION Based on parcels of land Transactions set out in simple documents – reference to the land parcel Registration of transactions is essential to their validity

SPATIAL FRAMEWORK - CADASTRE Unique parcel identifiers – linking documents and maps Cadastral maps depicting parcel framework – location, spatial relationships

DESIRABLE UPIN FEATURES 1. Unique 2. Easy to remember 3. Easy to use 4. Permanent 5. Capable of being updated 6. Flexible (can be used for multiple purposes)

DESIRABLE UPIN FEATURES CONT’D 7. Ease and economy (introduction, maintenance) 8. Able to support archiving, historical record 9. Maintained by one authority 10. Independent

IDEAL UPIN QUALITIES Compatible with other agencies Preferably the same system Primary key to link databases

UPIN OPTIONS Most common: 1.Cadastral administrative area, block, parcel. 2.Cadastral map, parcel Others: 3. Title number 4. Street address 5. Tax/Utility number 6. Geocode Less Desirable options: 7. Abuttals (i.e. ‘bounded in the north by…’) 8. Metes and bounds 9. Grantee/grantor index

UPIN EXAMPLES Australia – lot/plan number e.g. 3/ Sweden- municipality or village, block, parcel e.g. Haninge Svartso 3:49 Latvia – e.g ,(cadastral territory 0100,cadastral group 003, parcel 0002) England – administrative area, lot (e.g. CS72510 for parcel in Cornshire) Cambodia – e.g , (Province 05, District 07, Commune 05, Village 12, lot 0104) Thailand – various options (requires cross indices) including: –lot/map –Title number –Adjudication number

SPATIAL FRAMEWORK - CADASTRE Topological applications: –Identification of parcel on the register –Spatial framework for register – data validation, verification –Spatial query/access to data Spatial/metric applications: –Relocation of a boundary if necessary –Support subdivisions/consolidations –Calculation of parcel areas/offsets, etc. –Basis for Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)

EXAMPLES OF CADASTRES Some cadastral systems: Registry map that precisely define parcel boundaries (e.g. European cadastral maps) General registry map with file plans for each parcel prepared from this map (e.g. England) Individual land parcel plans with or without an index/chart/noting map (e.g. Australia, or Thailand) Source: Simpson, 1976

Ordinance Survey Map - UK

Cadastral Map - Thailand

Survey Plan - Thailand

Urban Photomap - Thailand

Cadastral Overlay - Thailand

Spatial Portal - NSW

DCDB – 33 Foothills Road

Deposited Plan 29894

,00010,00015,00020,000 Equipment Cost US$ Accuracy (m) Source: Dale and McLaughlin 1999 SURVEY: Cost vs Precision

SURVEY OPTIONS Graphical –Plane-table –Square offset (optical square/cross staff) –Imagery (unrectified, rectified, ortho) –Large scale topographic maps Digital –GPS (including RTK GPS) –Electronic total-stations –Digital photomaps (aerial/satellite, other sensors)

PHILIPPINES – SNS REPORT

HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGRY Source: Y. V. N. Krishnamurthy, 2010

SPATIAL FRAMEWORK - SUMMARY For registry cadastre completeness and currency are more important than accuracy Survey is typically a major cost component (~50%) in both for compilation and maintenance No country has adopted a full high accuracy/cost approach in implementing land administration reform