Farming and Populism in the West Chapter 18, Section 3 8 th Grade Social Studies

Homestead Act  1862 Congress passed 2 Acts to help settle the West  Homestead Act – 160 acres given to U.S. citizens or going to become a citizen  Must live on land for 5 years & improve it  1.6 million tracts  270,000,000 acres of land  Ended in 1976, AK in 1986

Immigrants to the West  Germans, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Czech families built own small towns  Sent for family  Idea of free land  Great expression of culture

Morrill Act of 1862/1880  U.S. Govt. gave the states 17 million acres of land to sell for universities and colleges  Excess to be sold – totaled $ 7.55 million, billions today  Built to further agriculture & engineering education, and military tactics

Colleges funded by the Morrill Act  Alabama A&M University^ Auburn University^ Tuskegee University^ University of Alabama System° University of Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham University of Alabama in Huntsville Alabama A&M University Auburn University Tuskegee University University of Alabama System University of Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham University of Alabama in Huntsville  ALASKA University of Alaska System^ ° University of Alaska Fairbanks University of Alaska System University of Alaska Fairbanks  AMERICAN SAMOA American Samoa Community College^ American Samoa Community College  ARIZONA Arizona State University Northern Arizona University University of Arizona^ Arizona State University Northern Arizona University University of Arizona  ARKANSAS Arkansas State University University of Arkansas System° University of Arkansas, Fayetteville^ University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff^ Arkansas State University University of Arkansas System University of Arkansas, Fayetteville University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff  CALIFORNIA California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo California State University System° California State University, Fresno California State University, Fullerton California State University, Sacramento San Diego State University San Francisco State University San Jose State University University of California^° University of California, Berkeley University of California, Davis University of California, Irvine University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Riverside University of California, San Diego University of California, Santa Barbara University of California, Santa Cruz California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo California State University System California State University, Fresno California State University, Fullerton California State University, Sacramento San Diego State University San Francisco State University San Jose State University University of California University of California, Berkeley University of California, Davis University of California, Irvine University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Riverside University of California, San Diego University of California, Santa Barbara University of California, Santa Cruz

Morrill Act Colleges  COLORADO Colorado State University^ University of Colorado System° University of Colorado at Boulder University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center Colorado State University University of Colorado System University of Colorado at Boulder University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center  CONNECTICUT Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station^ University of Connecticut^ Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station University of Connecticut  DELAWARE Delaware State University^ University of Delaware^ Delaware State University University of Delaware  DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA University of the District of Columbia^ University of the District of Columbia  FLORIDA Florida A&M University^ Florida Atlantic University Florida International University Florida State University State University System of Florida° University of Central Florida University of Florida^ University of South Florida Florida A&M University Florida Atlantic University Florida International University Florida State University State University System of Florida University of Central Florida University of Florida University of South Florida  GEORGIA Fort Valley State University^ Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Southern University Georgia State University University System of Georgia° University of Georgia^ Fort Valley State University Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Southern University Georgia State University University System of Georgia University of Georgia  GUAM University of Guam^ University of Guam  HAWAII University of Hawaii^ University of Hawaii System° University of Hawaii University of Hawaii System  IDAHO Boise State University Idaho State University University of Idaho^ Boise State University Idaho State University University of Idaho  ILLINOIS Illinois State University Northern Illinois University Southern Illinois University° Southern Illinois University at Carbondale University of Illinois^° University of Illinois at Chicago University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Illinois State University Northern Illinois University Southern Illinois University Southern Illinois University at Carbondale University of Illinois University of Illinois at Chicago University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Morrill Act Colleges  INDIANA Ball State University Indiana University Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Purdue University^ Ball State University Indiana University Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Purdue University  IOWA Iowa State University^ University of Iowa Iowa State University University of Iowa  KANSAS Kansas State University^ University of Kansas Wichita State University Kansas State University University of Kansas Wichita State University  KENTUCKY Kentucky State University^ University of Kentucky^ University of Louisville Kentucky State University University of Kentucky^ University of Louisville  LOUISIANA Louisiana State University System^° Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana Tech University Southern University System^° University of New Orleans Louisiana State University System Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana Tech University Southern University System University of New Orleans  MAINE University of Maine System° University of Maine^ University of Maine System University of Maine  MARYLAND United States Naval Academy University System of Maryland° University of Maryland, Baltimore County University of Maryland, College Park^ University of Maryland Eastern Shore^ University of Maryland University College United States Naval Academy University System of Maryland University of Maryland, Baltimore County University of Maryland, College Park University of Maryland Eastern Shore University of Maryland University College  MASSACHUSETTS Massachusetts Institute of Technology^ University of Massachusetts^° University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Massachusetts Boston Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Massachusetts University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Massachusetts Boston  MICHIGAN Central Michigan University Michigan State University^ Michigan Technological University Oakland University University of Michigan Wayne State University Western Michigan University Central Michigan University Michigan State University Michigan Technological University Oakland University University of Michigan Wayne State University Western Michigan University

Colleges by Morrill Act  MINNESOTA University of Minnesota^ University of Minnesota Duluth University of Minnesota University of Minnesota Duluth  MISSISSIPPI Alcorn State University^ Mississippi State University^ University of Mississippi University of Southern Mississippi Alcorn State University Mississippi State University University of Mississippi University of Southern Mississippi  MISSOURI Lincoln University^ Missouri University of Science and Technology University of Missouri System^° University of Missouri-Columbia University of Missouri-Kansas City University of Missouri-St. Louis Lincoln University Missouri University of Science and Technology University of Missouri System University of Missouri-Columbia University of Missouri-Kansas City University of Missouri-St. Louis  MONTANA Montana State University^ University of Montana Montana State University University of Montana  NEBRASKA University of Nebraska^° University of Nebraska-Lincoln University of Nebraska University of Nebraska-Lincoln  NEVADA  University of Nevada-Las Vegas University of Nevada, Reno^ University of Nevada-Las Vegas University of Nevada, Reno  NEW HAMPSHIRE University System of New Hampshire° University of New Hampshire^ University System of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire  NEW JERSEY Montclair State University New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey^ Montclair State University New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  NEW MEXICO New Mexico State University^ University of New Mexico New Mexico State University University of New Mexico  NEW YORK The College Board City College of New York, CUNY The City University of New York° Cornell University^ The Graduate School & University Center of CUNY Hunter College, CUNY State University of New York° University at Albany, SUNY Binghamton University, SUNY University at Buffalo, SUNY Stony Brook University, SUNY The College Board City College of New York, CUNY The City University of New York° Cornell University The Graduate School & University Center of CUNY Hunter College, CUNY State University of New York° University at Albany, SUNY Binghamton University, SUNY University at Buffalo, SUNY Stony Brook University, SUNY

Colleges from Morrill Act  NORTH CAROLINA East Carolina University North Carolina A&T State University^ North Carolina State University^ University of North Carolina System° University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of North Carolina at Charlotte University of North Carolina at Greensboro University of North Carolina at Wilmington East Carolina University North Carolina A&T State University North Carolina State University University of North Carolina System° University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of North Carolina at Charlotte University of North Carolina at Greensboro University of North Carolina at Wilmington  NORTH DAKOTA North Dakota State University^ University of North Dakota North Dakota State University^ University of North Dakota  OHIO Bowling Green State University Cleveland State University Kent State University Miami University The Ohio State University^ Ohio University University of Akron University of Cincinnati University of Toledo Wright State University Bowling Green State University Cleveland State University Kent State University Miami University The Ohio State University Ohio University University of Akron University of Cincinnati University of Toledo Wright State University  OKLAHOMA Langston University^ Oklahoma State University^ University of Oklahoma Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education° Oklahoma State University University of Oklahoma Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education°  OREGON Oregon State University^ Oregon University System° Portland State University University of Oregon Oregon State University Oregon University System Portland State University University of Oregon  PENNSYLVANIA Indiana University of Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania State University^ Temple University University of Pittsburgh Indiana University of Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania State University Temple University University of Pittsburgh  PUERTO RICO University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez^ University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez  RHODE ISLAND University of Rhode Island^ University of Rhode Island  SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson University^ College of Charleston South Carolina State University^ University of South Carolina Clemson University College of Charleston South Carolina State University University of South Carolina

Colleges from Morrill Act  SOUTH DAKOTA South Dakota School of Mines and Technology South Dakota State University^ University of South Dakota South Dakota School of Mines and Technology South Dakota State University University of South Dakota  TENNESSEE Middle Tennessee State University Tennessee State University^ University of Memphis University of Tennessee, Knoxville^ Middle Tennessee State University Tennessee State University University of Memphis University of Tennessee, Knoxville  TEXAS Prairie View A&M University^ Texas A&M University System° Texas A&M University^ Texas State University, San Marcos Texas Tech University Texas Tech University System° University of Houston University of North Texas University of Texas System° University of Texas at Arlington University of Texas at Austin The University of Texas at San Antonio Prairie View A&M University Texas A&M University System Texas A&M University Texas State University, San Marcos Texas Tech University Texas Tech University System University of Houston University of North Texas University of Texas System University of Texas at Arlington University of Texas at Austin The University of Texas at San Antonio  UTAH University of Utah Utah State University^ University of Utah Utah State University  VERMONT University of Vermont^ University of Vermont  VIRGIN ISLANDS University of the Virgin Islands^ University of the Virgin Islands  VIRGINIA American Indian Higher Education Consortium^° George Mason University University of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University (Virginia Tech)^ Virginia State University^ American Indian Higher Education Consortium George Mason University University of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University (Virginia Tech) Virginia State University  WASHINGTON University of Washington Washington State University^ University of Washington Washington State University  WEST VIRGINIA West Virginia State University^ West Virginia University^ West Virginia State University West Virginia University  WISCONSIN University of Wisconsin System° University of Wisconsin-Extension University of Wisconsin-Madison^ University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee University of Wisconsin System University of Wisconsin-Extension University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee  WYOMING University of Wyoming^ University of Wyoming

1879 Kansas Exodusters  20,000 – 40,000 African Americans came to Kansas  Why Kansas?  Pap Singleton – founding of Nicodemus, KS  Donations from Quakers "When I landed on the soil [of Kansas] I looked on the ground and I says this is free ground. Then I looked on the heavens and I says them is free and beautiful heavens. Then I looked within my heart and I says to myself, I wonder why I was never free before?" ~John Solomon Lewis

Problems on the Plains  Sodbusters  No lumber  Dry farming  Winter blizzards  Extremely hot summers  Wind, tornados  Need of new farm technology

Women and Children  Women and children did equal work  Women demanded more rights  Interested in building communities  Wyoming – 1 st to allow women to vote (1869)  Laura Ingalls Wilder

Wheat prices fall  See chart on pg. 603  population doubles  Number of farms tripled  Machines increased production 20x faster  Surplus on market  Prices drop, lost farms  ¼ became tenant farmers

Hearing the farmers needs & stop rural family isolation  Establishment of churches and schools  Community activities  National Grange - political voice - blame for depression - social & educational org - regulate railroads - ICC/ICA - still exists today

Free Silver / Populism  Gold standard backed paper money  Deflation (not enough $ in circulation)  Silver??  William Jennings Bryan/ farmers’ canidate  Sherman Silver Act – did not help  New Political Party – Populist Party (silver, govt. own RR and Telegraph, limit immigration, limit work days  Economic depressions

End of Frontier  Oklahoma Land Rush 1889  50,000 people rushed to Oklahoma  Land still inhabited by Creek and Seminole Indians  11 million acres taken  “feel land quake”  Sooners – claimed land before official date/time  Official Tom Cruise Website: Far and Away Movie Trailer, Ron Howard, Nicole Kidman, Video Clips, Pictures Official Tom Cruise Website: Far and Away Movie Trailer, Ron Howard, Nicole Kidman, Video Clips, Pictures and-away