Traffic problems in Richer countries e.g. UK Too many vehicles Most people like their car Most goods are transported by road

What are the problems in our cities? City centre congestion – roads originally not designed for the car, bus or lorry Rush hour – early morning and late afternoon/early evening commuters Pollution – poor air quality Where to park?

Solutions – make it easier for the people and their cars Ring roads and by-passes (M25 London) Urban motorways (M8 through Glasgow) Flyovers (A66 through Middlesbrough) Multi-storey car parks and underground car parks

Encourage people to give up their cars and use public transport £2 to leave the city centre Charge for entry into a city e.g. Durham City centre or London with its Congestion Charge

Encourage people not to use their cars Increased car parking charges Traffic lanes for cars with two or more people (Leeds) Park and Ride schemes (York)

Integrated public transport systems Underground railway systems e.g. London and Newcastle Buses (low pollution) Trams (electric) e.g. Manchester or Sheffield All link in and meet at interchange points that cover the whole of the city London is best example, Newcastle is good

London Congestion charge (to discourage people from using cars in then centre) Low emission zone (to keep lorries out of the centre) Improved public transport (to encourage people not to use their cars) M25 (traffic can avoid then centre)