Ontogeny of Behaviour Development and Learning. Ontogeny of Behaviour Innate behaviour pattern.

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Presentation transcript:

Ontogeny of Behaviour Development and Learning

Ontogeny of Behaviour Innate behaviour pattern

Ontogeny of Behaviour Genome information CNS IRM FAP or MAP encodes contains IMMATURE Learning Maturation CNS IRM FAP or MAP MATURE

Learning Definition: - all processes that lead to adaptive changes in individual behaviour as a result of experience under a particular set of environmental conditions

Learning Sensitive phases - black guillemot nest

Learning Constraints - gulls and kittiwakes Gulls -ground nesting -young wander -Parents learn to recognize their own young -cliff nesting -young never wander -Parents don’t learn to recognize their own young - just nest site Kittiwake

Learning Processes 1. Habituation

Learning Processes 2. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning

Learning Processes 2. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning UCS + CS trialsCS alone Probability of response

Learning Processes 2. Classical Conditioning -example from nature - bluejay and monarch butterfly

Learning Processes 3. Instrumental Conditioning

Learning Processes 4. Imitational (Observational) Learning Facial Expressions

Learning Processes 5. Insight (Cognitive) Learning (images from Kohler, 1899)

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting For a movie (Quicktime) of a duckling being imprinted on a milk bottle go to: Stimulus IRM (very rough) Imprint on object IRM - for geese - movement and minimum/maximum size - for mallards - movement and rhythmic calls

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting IRM - characteristics of sexual partner In males - very rough IRM In females - much more developed

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Immelman - imprinting in finches Society FinchZebra Finch

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Immelman - imprinting in finches Zebra finch raised with society finch Remove at 33 to 66 days Isolated until sexually mature (4 months) Tested males Tested females Court society finch females Attack or ignore zebra finch females Respond to zebra finch courtship Don’t respond to society finch courtship

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Major characteristics of object imprinting 1.Innately controlled temporal motor pattern

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Major characteristics of object imprinting 1.Innately controlled temporal motor pattern 2.Takes place during early sensitive phase For parental imprintingFor sexual imprinting Time - days 30 0

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Major characteristics of object imprinting 1.Innately controlled temporal motor pattern 2.Takes place during early sensitive phase 3.Relatively irreversible

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Major characteristics of object imprinting 1.Innately controlled temporal motor pattern 2.Takes place during early sensitive phase 3.Relatively irreversible 4.Time lag in expression of sexual imprinting period

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Motoric imprinting -formation of a memory template - needs to be perfected

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Motoric imprinting - sensitive phase Song sparrow White crowned sparrow

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Crude template (innate) Own species song heard Template matched to song heard Template is perfected Final song is perfected Testosterone Song output Hear own song Compare to template

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Crude template (innate) Own species song heard Template matched to song heard Template is perfected Final song is perfected Testosterone Song output Hear own song Compare to template Memorization phase

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Crude template (innate) Own species song heard Template matched to song heard Template is perfected Final song is perfected Testosterone Song output Hear own song Compare to template Memorization Phase Motor Phase

Learning Processes 6. Imprinting a.Object imprinting i.Parental (filial) imprinting ii.Sexual imprinting b.Motoric imprinting c.Habitat imprinting Habitat imprinting Migrating salmon learn characteristics of natal stream

Learning Processes Other systems associated with learning 1)Behavioural/cultural tradition a. Acquired within a group b. Transferred between generation by non-genetic means Japanese macaque washing foodBlue titmouse opening milk bottle

Learning Processes Other systems associated with learning 2) Behavioural/cultural tradition a. Acquired within a group b. Transferred between generation by non-genetic means Tool use