The Dawn of Genetic Testing Rachel Wilson. Stance Prenatal genetic testing has the potential to create a eugenic society, and should be used with care.

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Presentation transcript:

The Dawn of Genetic Testing Rachel Wilson

Stance Prenatal genetic testing has the potential to create a eugenic society, and should be used with care and objectivity.

Eugenics Measures intended to improve the qualities of a human population by control of inherited characteristics. hnujqpoA&feature=fvst kWZU&feature=related

Ancient Eugenics 800 B.C.- The Spartan culture inspected each newborn to determine if they would be of value to society. By the start of the first millennium, only 1,000 adult Spartan males remained.

Modern Eugenics Rise of Malthusianism 1800’s- “Idiot asylums” appear in the U.S Francis Galton Dr. Harry Sharp Involuntary sterilization legalized in Indiana Immigration Restriction Act

Modern Eugenics Buck v. Bell End of WWII, as many as six million people had been killed as a result of Hitler’s Final Solution South Carolina is the last state to repeal its sterilization laws Human Genome Project

Beginnings of Genetics Mendel Structure of DNA discovered

Prenatal Genetic Testing Any number of screening and diagnostic tests that can be done during pregnancy in order to detect genetic disorders. Least invasive 1 st Trimester: CVS and first trimester screen 2 nd Trimester: Amniocentesis, cordocentesis, quad screen 3 rd Trimester: BPP and non-stress test

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis An assisted reproductive technology that allows an embryo to be tested for genetic abnormalities and is used in conjunction with IVF treatments so that the healthiest embryos can be selected for implantation. Uses: identify disease, identify chromosomal abnormalities, identify pre-dispositions for late onset diseases (controversial), Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) matching

Genetics, Prenatal Testing, and PGD First case of artificial insemination First successful sperm donation First legal case heard in Illinois PKU Louise Brown is born Huntington’s PGD used for the first time

Normal IVF Process IVF process interrupted for PGD

Achondroplasia Adenosine deaminase deficiency Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency Alzheimer's disease (AAP gene) Beta thalasemia Cystic fibrosis Epidermolysis bullosa Fanconi anemia Gaucher's disease Hemophilia A and B Huntington's disease Muscular dystrophy (Duchenne and Becker) Myotonic dystrophy Neurofibromatosis type I OTC deficiency P53 cancers Phenylketonuria Retinitis pigmentosa Sickle cell disease Spinal muscular atrophy Tay Sachs disease Any genetically abnormal embryos (i.e. Trisomy 21, 13.)

Other Concerns Affect on abortion Abortion rates in China Financials Use for detecting late-onset diseases Religious and ethical concerns Lack of legal cases

Future Too personal, objectivity is difficult The laws and society need to catch up