Govt. of Tamilnadu Department of School Education Bridge Course Class VIII -History

Europeans in Tamilnadu Coming of the Portuguese Coming of the Dutch Coming of the English Coming of the Danes Coming of the French

Coming of the Portuguese Vasco-da-gama reachedCalicut on thewestern coast of India, in 1498 Francisco-de-Almeida ( ) He wanted to makethe portuguese, the masters of Indian Ocean. This policy is knownas the “Blue Water Policy” Alfonso de Albuquerque ( ) In 1510, he captured Goa which became their headquaters in India. Why they are defeated

Coming of the Dutch The Dutch traders came from Holland Towns such as Karaikal, Pulicat and Nagapattinam on the East coast were captured by them Why they are defeated

Coming of the English The English East India Company was launched on 31st December 1600 to trade with india In 1640, Fort St.George was made as their Headquarters in the East. In 1654 Madras became the headquarters of all the British possessions in the East

Coming of the Danes The Danish East India Company was established in 1616 in Denmark Their merchants were not prominent They lost their influence as well as interest

Coming of the French The French East India Company was founded in the year 1664 In 1701 Pondicherry became the headquarters The French occupied Mahe on the Malabar coast in 1725 and Karaikalin 1739, from the Marathas of Tanjore.

Conclusion The English established their supremacy in Madras,Calcutta, and Bombay This resulted in the outbreak of carnatic wars English-French rivalry The first carnatic war(French won) The second carnatic war(British won) The third carnatic war(British won) Success of English in tamilnadu  best co-operation among their governors  No one was able to compete with them  Super naval power  Private east India company

VIII Std HISTORY

FREEDOM STRUGGLE Puli Thevan Veerapandiya Kattabomman Marudhu brothers Vellore Mutiny 1806

Puli Thevan

He is one of the earliest opponents of the British rule in South India Nelkatumseval is chiefly memorable as having been in the eighteenth Century stronghold of the redoubtable Puli Thevar Puli Thevan War in 1757 at Nelkatumseval

Veerapandiya Kattabomman

He was also known as Kattabomman was an 18th century Palayakarrar('Polygar') chieftain from Panchalankurichi of Tamil NaduPalayakarrar He was born to JagaveeraKattabomman and Arumugattammal on January 3, 1760 and his brother was Oomai thuraiJagaveeraKattabommanArumugattammal Kattabomman refused to pay his dues and for a long time refused to meet Jackson Durai Kattabomman refused to meet the Collector and a fight broke out. Kayatharu, where Kattabomman was executed has remained a place of political pilgrimage.Kayatharu

Marudhu Brothers

Ramnad king to assign them to serve the Sivaganga state army Periya Marudhu and Chinna Marudhu ruled Sivagangai, Tamil Nadu towards the end of the 18th centurySivagangaiTamil Nadu The Marudhu brothers were trained in native martial arts at Surankottai which traditionally served as a training centre for the Ramnad state army Marudhu Pandiyars Battles against the British They were very great administrators They were infamously hanged on October 24, 1801.

Vellore Mutiny 1806

Vellore Mutiny was the first instance of a Largescale and violent mutiny by Indian sepoys mutinyIndiansepoys against the BritishBritish The sepoy dress code changed in November Some revolting soldiers were sent to Fort St. George There master plan for attack on british was defeated before commencement of war Though it was subsided it made a revolution among the Indian kings

HISTORY

Social and Economic Conditions Under British Zamindari system Rywotari System Mahalwari System

Zamindari system Introduced in early British period Zamindars collected the rents of land through different intermediate collectors. As a result of such practice there had been creation of multilevel ranks of collector under the Zamindar This revenue system accounted for 57 per cent of cultivated area in the country.

Rywotari System The Rywotari system was introduced in Madras Presidency in 1792 and in Bombay Presidency in The system covered nearly all the southern states and many western states of India The Rywotari system covered nearly 38 per cent of the cultivated area in India

Mahalwari System The Mahalwari system was introduced between 1840 and 1850 In this system the entire village constituted revenue settlement as collective unit This system is considered to be most convenient and appropriate instrument for social development. The System was not extensive and included only 5 per cent of the cultivated land in India.

Conclusion Common people remained poor but Zamindars and mirasudars lived a lavished life Village people cannot pay tax so the british government constructed many dams and did irrigational facilities But the main plan of british is to market their product They are least bothered about Indian poverty

THE END