Changes in the American City I.Aspects of Society and Social Issues II.Technological changes III.Politics in the City

“The United States lies like a huge page in the history of society. Line by line as we read this continental page from West to East we find the record of social evolution. It begins with the Indian and the hunter, it goes on to tell of the disintegration of savagery by the entrance of the trader, the pathfinder of civilization; we read the annals of the pastoral stage in ranch life; the exploitation of the soil by the raising of unrotated crops of corn and wheat in sparsely settled farming communities; the intensive culture of the denser farm settlement; and finally the manufacturing organization with city and factory system.” Frederick Jackson Turner, The significance of the frontier in American History, 1893

Tenement House, Harper’s Weekly, New York

Maxwell Street near Jefferson Street, ca. 1904

Standard Oil Refinery No. 1 in Cleveland, Ohio, 1899

Typical Pittsburgh Steel Mill

Milwaukee’s Beer

Detroit’s Automobiles

Golden Gate Park, San Fransisco, 1897

Electric Streetcars, Chicago, 1906

Downtown Traffic Jam, Chicago ca. 1910

Jeffersonian Agrarianism

William M. Tweed, AKA « Boss » Tweed Ran an efficient and corrupt political machine based on patronage and graft

Richard Croker

Richard « Boss » Croker as an Octopus on top of N.Y. City Hall

New York’s New Solar System

The Tammany Tiger Loose « What are you going to do about it? »

ATHERTON, John, Urban America, Masson Et Cie, 1973 BLUMENFELD, Hans, “The Modern Metropolis”, American Urban History: an interpretative reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969 BOYER, Christine M., Dreaming the Rational City, Sixth Printing, 1997 CALLOW Jr., Alexander B., American Urban History: an interpretive reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969 GIFFORD, Jonathan L., Flexible urban transportation, Elsevier Science Ltd, 2003 MARSHALL, Leon S., “The English and American Industrial City of the Nineteenth Century”, American Urban History: an interpretative reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969 ROBERTS, Gerrylynn K. and Steadman, Philip, American cities and Technology: Wilderness to Wired City, Open University, 1999 SCHLESINGER, Arthur M., “The Urban World”, American Urban History: an interpretative reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969 SCOTT, Mel, American City Planning since 1890, University of California Press, 1969 THERNSTORM, Stephan, “Urbanization, Migration, and Social Mobility in Late Nineteenth-Century America”, American Urban History: an interpretative reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969 WARNER Jr., Sam B., Urban Wilderness, University of California Press, 1995