Upcoming Deadlines Final Exam Wednesday, December 9 th from 1500—1700 or Wednesday, December 16 th from 1215—1430 For full schedule, visit course website: ArtPhysics123.pbworks.com For best viewing of demos, sit near the projector screen.

Final Exam Final Exam will have of 10 short essay questions on material covered in lecture. Final exam counts for 50 points. Sample Questions: * What is the difference between stride and gait? How do they affect the walking speed? * Describe how a scene would be lit using three point lighting.

Final Exam Final exam is scheduled for: Wednesday, December 16 th In this room from 1215—1430 You may take the final early on: Wednesday, December 9 th In this room from 1500—1700

Extra Credit Opportunity Visit the Alexander Calder exhibition at the San Jose Museum of Art. Exhibition runs through Dec. 13. Give me your ticket receipt for five points extra credit. Big Red, 1959 Hours: Tuesday – Sunday, 11am - 5pm Admission: $5.00 for students Location: 110 South Market St., Next to Fairmont Hotel, downtown SJ

Extra Credit Opportunity Exhibition runs through Jan. 10. Give me your ticket receipt for ten points extra credit. Hours: Tuesday – Sunday, 11am - 5pm Admission: $4.00 for students Location: 655 Mission Street San Francisco, California Near Moscone Convention Center Visit the Cartoon Art Museum in San Francisco to see “Once Upon a Dream: The Art of Sleeping Beauty.”

Extra Credit Opportunity Give me your ticket receipt for ten points extra credit. Hours: Wednesday-Monday: 10a.m.-6p.m Admission: $15.00 for students Location: 104 Montgomery Street Inside The Presidio of San Francisco Visit the Walt Disney Family Museum

Extra Credit Opportunity Give me your ticket receipt for ten points extra credit. Hours: Tuesday-Sunday: 10a.m.-5p.m Admission: $11.00 for students Location: 3601 Lyon Street, SF Next to Palace of Fine Arts complex Visit the Exploratorium in San Francisco.

Assignments & Extra Credit Created by Candace Downey All Assignments and Extra Credit must be turned in by 5pm on Wednesday, December 16 th

Special Campus Event Animation Show of Shows December 7 th (Monday) At 7:30 PM Morris Dailey Auditorium in Tower Hall FREE

Student Evaluation Need a volunteer to distribute and collect student evaluations. Volunteer should deposit the packet of completed forms in the mailbox at front door of the building (exit towards Tower Hall). Evaluations We’ll do this at the end of class.

Stereoscopic (3D) Images

Terminology: Steroscopic vs. 3D The term “3D Animation” has been used for years to refer to computer animation created with programs (like Maya) that manipulate objects in 3D, though the rendered image is in 2D. To avoid confusion, the term “Stereo 3D” is used.

Perception of Distance Visually, we experience distance by: Occultation (objects in front hide what’s behind them) Geometric Perspective (objects look smaller as they get further away) Atmospheric Perspective (distant objects are hazy and bluish) Lighting and shadows Relative motion (as you move, nearby objects shift more than distant objects) Stereopsis (different view in each eye)

Occlusion The simplest way that we perceive distance is by the fact that closer objects occlude (hide) objects behind them. Even in this surreal painting we immediately see the boy as being closer to us than the woman because he partially blocks our view of her. Detail from The Madonna of Port Lligat, Salvador Dali, 1950 Notice that the shadow tells us that he is hovering above her lap.

When occlusion is incorrect, we are very cognizant that something is wrong. Distorted Occlusion Carte Blanche, René Magritte (1965)

Manipulating Occultation The image is disturbing but the reason isn’t immediately apparent. Detail from Waterfall, M.C. Escher, 1961 This channel of water needs to be behind the lower part of the right tower. This distortion is not accidental. The artist carefully designed the composition with this effect in mind.

Pre-15 th Century Paintings Mongol Ruler and consort enthroned, 14 th century Road to Calvary, Martini, 1315 Occlusion but no sense of distance

Renaissance Paintings Scenes in these paintings have depth. The Annunciation, Botticelli, 1489 Marriage of the Virgin, Raphael, 1504

Perspective The difference is the introduction of visual perspective by Filippo Brunelleschi of Florence. Objects in the distance look smaller as determined by geometric rules. Florence, Italy

Geometric Perspective We can check that the persons in the foreground and background are the same height by drawing lines back to the horizon. Horizon

SJSU Cafeteria Painting This painting, in the University Room next to the Campus Copy Center, shows the Business Tower with the Art building on the right. What’s wrong with it?

SJSU Cafeteria Painting Horizon Using geometric perspective, let’s see how tall the red-headed person must be as compared with the door of the Art building. Pretty tall!

Distorted Perspective Modern painters sometimes distort the perspective for dramatic effect. Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, de Chirico, 1914 The two buildings converge to two different horizons. This feels weird and unnatural, which is what the artist intended (note the title of the painting).

Atmospheric Perspective Objects in the distance have a bluish, unsaturated color due to atmospheric scattering of blue light. More effective for indicating great distances.

Relative Motion Relative motion is a visual cue for depth that can only be used for animated images. Objects far away move less distance in the visual plane than objects nearby. Frame 717 Frame 718 Cactus is close Mesa is far Mountains are very far

Parallax & Relative Motion The blue object is farther away because it has a smaller parallax angle (at the apex of the triangle) than the red object. ) ) MOTION The closer red pillar moves further in the field of view.

Parallax & Stereopsis Stereoscopic vision uses the same parallax effect, comparing the view as seen by the left and right eye. ) ) Left Eye Right Eye

Occlusion Revelation Occlusion is a powerful visual cue for depth and stereoscopic vision can use it if one eye sees part of an object that the other eye cannot. Left Eye Right Eye

Parallax in Reflections Stereoscopic parallax also occurs when two images are seen due to reflection. Compare the position of Sun and top of lamp post in this photo.

Parallax in Reflections Geometric perspective and law of reflection verify that the Sun is far behind the lamp post. Horizon Ground plane for base of lamppost

Anaglyph Glasses A simple way to present a separate view to each eye of the same image is to use filters of a color complement pair. Blue/Yellow Green/Magenta Red/Cyan R Y B G M C

Demo: Anaglyph Glasses Look at one pair of glasses through a single filter of another pair (or look in the mirror). No filter Magenta filter Green filter

Anaglyph Images House of Wax (1953)

Anaglyph Images House of Wax (1953) Created from Red/Cyan image using a Hue shift in PhotoShop.

Negative Parallax House of Wax (1953) Foreground Image (Negative Parallax) Background Image (Positive Parallax) Objects can appear to come out of the screen and into the audience by use of negative parallax.

Red/Cyan Anaglyph Red (Left) Cyan (Right) The most common type of anaglyph glasses use red/cyan filters. One disadvantage is that some displays (like TVs) do not have good spectral properties for the green LED, which causes cross-talk (e.g., the right image is seen by both eyes).

Green/Magenta Filters Green (Right) Magenta (Left) The green/magenta combination is better for viewing stereo 3D movies on televisions. Another option is blue/yellow, called Color Code 3D.

Stereo 3D Photos with PhotoShop Steps for creating stereo 3D photos in PhotoShop: 1)Take a photo, move 3 inches to the right, take a second photo. Avoid having objects closer than a yard away from the camera and no moving objects! 2)Open both images in PhotoShop. Hold the shift key and drag the right eye image on to left eye image. 3)Rename the layers “Right Eye” and “Left Eye”; make sure the Right Eye layer is on top. 4)Double click the Right Eye thumbnail to open Blending Window. In Advanced Blending uncheck the Red Channel for Red/Cyan glasses (or Green Channel for Green/Magenta glasses).

Stereo 3D Photos with PhotoShop

My messy office

Extra Credit Opportunity Create a stereo 3D image to receive 5 points extra credit. You must appear in the image and there should be enough foreground and background elements so the image is noticeably stereoscopic. Post both red/cyan and green/magenta versions of the image to your blog in an entry entitled "Stereo 3D Photo." Instructions on how to create the image in Photoshop are also posted on course website.

Anaglyph Filming Cameras All stereoscopic films have to be produced using two cameras, one for each view. Can either color the film during recording or by post-processing. In Autodesk Maya 2009, the stereo camera rig (S3D) allows users specify the interaxial and zero parallax values, and the camera shift is computed to produce the appropriate parallax.

Anaglyph Projection Left Eye Right Eye + = Single Projector Screen Dual Projectors OR

Linear Polarization Transverse waves can be polarized. The direction of the polarization is the direction of the amplitude of the oscillations. Polarizing filters take light with a random mix of polarizations and allow only one direction to pass.

Demo: Polarized Sunglasses Reflected light from a horizontal surface is often polarized in the horizontal direction. For this reason your sunglasses may have filters to block horizontally polarized light.

Circular Polarization Transverse waves can also be circularly polarized. Linear Circular Left Right

Demo: Circular Polarized Glasses Look at one pair of glasses through a single filter of another pair (or look in the mirror).

Circular Polarized Glasses Un-polarized Light Linear Polarized Light Circular Polarized Light Horizontal Polarizer Quarter-wave Plate Unlike colored filters and linear polarizing filters, circular polarizing filters have a front and back side. Can see out but not see back in. Photographed with a mirror

Demo: Looking in Mirror Put on stero 3D glasses, close one eye, look in mirror.

Filming for Polarized Projection Cameras Unlike color, the polarization of light is not recorded by film (neither regular film or digital recording). Use two cameras to record the two views but polarization only used when projecting.

Old Polarized Projection Left Eye Right Eye Dual Projectors Older systems used dual projectors and linear polarizing filters.

New Polarized Projection Left Eye Right Eye Digital projector is synchronized to an electronic polarizer. Interleave frames with alternating left and right circular polarizations. Next frame seen by right eye. Single projector

ChromaDepth Another system for creating 3D images. On a black background, red will appear closest, blue furthest, and the other colors will fall in- between according to their place in the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue).

Animation Physics Website For more info, visit: