Mobile Handset Hardware Architecture

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Presentation transcript:

Mobile Handset Hardware Architecture

Focused Mobile Handset: Smartphone We will take smartphone as an example to discuss mobile handset hardware architecture Smartphone is a new generation high featured and multifunctional cell phone which has The functionalities of a handheld computer The communication capabilities of a cell phone Multiple sensors

Smartphone History Major Milestones 1997 - Term smartphone is coined 1999 - RIM begins making Blackberries 2007 - iPhone 1 released 2008 - Android v1.0 released Now – iPhone 6 and Android 5.0

A Teardown of iPhone 5S

Main PCB PCB stands for Printed Circuit Board Smartphone main PCB has three main parts An application processor which executes users’ application software A baseband processor which controls radio activities A number of peripheral devices for interacting with the user

Main PCB Architecture

An Example – iPhone 3G Main PCB Front

An Example – iPhone 3G Main PCB Back

Another Example – iPhone 4 Main PCB Front GSM/GPRS Front End Module GSM/W-CDMA Transceiver 3-axis digital gyroscope Bluetooth Receiver GPS Receiver Power Amplifier W-CDMA Front End Module Power Amplifier Quad-Band GSM/GPRS/EDGE Apple A4 Application Processor

Touchscreen Controller Another Example – iPhone 4 Main PCB Back Touchscreen Controller Flash Memory Baseband Processor Audio Codec Power Management Unit Mobile DDR SDRAM

Application Processor: Overview A dedicated processor which enables smartphone to run mainstream OS such as Android, iOS and Windows Mobile etc. Optimized to run a number of user applications Emphasize multimedia processing (audio/video/still image/2D/3D) Do not handle “baseband” (wireless communications)

Application Processor: Components Processor core (e.g. ARM based processor) which is specifically optimized for minimal power consumption Multimedia engine which is hardware implementation of one or more multimedia standards (e.g. JPEG module, MPEG module, Audio module) Device interfaces which are used to communicate with peripheral device (e.g. USB, camera, display)

Application Processor: Structure Multimedia Engine ARM Processor Core

Baseband Processor: Overview It has a communication protocol stack which enables different types of wireless technologies such as LTE, WCDMA, CDMA, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc. It provides radio communication related functions: signal modulation, RF shifting, encoding/decoding, etc.

Baseband Processor: Components RF front end: a component for receiving and transmitting on different frequencies Analog baseband: an interface between the digital domain and the analog domain Digital baseband: a component which handles higher layers of the protocols by using Digital Signal Processors

Baseband Processor: Structure

Processor Vendors

References http://www.eazytutz.com/android/android-architecture/ http://www.neowin.net/news/guide-to-smartphone-hardware-17-processors http://www.slideshare.net/YongHeuiCho/4smartphone-hw-architecture http://ancillotti.hubpages.com/hub/Understanding-the-hardware-architecture-of-smartphones http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture http://www.bapress.ca/ccc/ccc2013-1/3_13052701_Final%20Draft.pdf http://www.rapidrepair.com/guides/iphone3g/

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