In Fish bikesnobnyc.blogspot.com/2009_05_01_archive.html mercy-revolution.blogspot.com/2009/08/truta.html / Artur Leão nº40842 Cátia Santos nº29820 Filipa Gonçalves nº27874 Nuno Mendes nº29829

 Feed is the major cost in farmed fish production  Selective breeding is a potential tool for improving feed efficiency  To measure feed intake of individual fish using the X-ray method, all fish held in a tank are first fed with feed containing small radio-opaque glass beads. Kause et al, 2008

 Genetic improvement of feed efficiency is expected to be about three (rainbow trout) to eight-fold (European Whitefish) slower compared to the improvement of growth rate.  Feed efficiency can be indirectly improved by selecting on growth rate  Rapid growth is genetically related to improved feed efficiency  In Kause et al (2005),in four generations of selection in the rainbow trout breeding programme, growth rate has increased by ~28%  Feed efficiency is expected to have increased simultaneously by 8% as a correlated genetic response

 Selected line vs wild line (red sea bream Pagrus major ):  Selected line had higher feed intake and weight gain  Selected line converted feed less efficiently  Selected line had lower body protein content and body protein retention and higher body lipid content  Body energy content (kJ/g) was higher in the selected line  Conclusion : the selected line had higher feed intake and growth rate without improved feed efficiency

 MEBV (mean estimated breeding values)  Adjusting back to the original scale, for harvest weight, using the first method shown in Table 9, the responses were 6.64 (2.88/0.434) and 6.96 (3.02/0.434) percent, comparing the progeny of the 2002 with 2003

 After 3 generations:  estimated breeding values were and g per generation;  which is equivalent to a 40% improvement. Gall & Bakar, 2001 Body weight increase every generation

 Farmed salmon were over twice the size of wild salmon, whilst hybrids were intermediate;  Eggs of wild salmon were significantly lighter. Adapted from Glover et al (2009)

 Fish pasteurellosis ( Photobacterium damselae piscicida ) is an infectious disease that affects several fish species living in marine temperate waters;  Represents a serious health problem for the majority of intensive sea bream hatcheries, with 90–100% mortality during disease outbreaks;  Genetic profiles at nine microsatellite loci were obtained to calculate heritability for body lenght (0.38±0.07) and desease resistance (0.12±0.04 for days of survival post challenge);  Genetic correlation between body length and survival was positive and significant (r=0.61±0.16).

 Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a contagious viral disease affecting several fish species;  Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is affected during the hatchery period and as postsmolts shortly after transfer to seawater;  Method: survival rate to bath exposure;  Heritabilities to disease resistance were found to be in the range 0.17 to 0.45 for each year (1997 to 2005). Wetten et al 2007.

 Selection of Coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) by weight at harvest over four generations;  Genetic evaluation model: ‘‘best linear unbiased predictor’’ (BLUP) for breeding values;  Inbreeding rate was greater in the even population (∆F=2.45% per generation) than the odd population (∆F=1.10% per generation). Gallardo et al (2004).  More inbreeding cause weight decrease in future generations ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ). Neira et al (2006a)

Amphilophus sp. l l Poecilia reticulata Amphiprion ocellaris

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