Introduction to Animals Monday, April 8th Introduction to Animals Objective: Be able to identify if an organism is in the animal kingdom based off characteristics

10 Animal Phylums

Reproduce sexually and asexually Lack cell walls WHAT IS AN ANIMAL Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Reproduce sexually and asexually Lack cell walls

SYMMETRY Asymmetry-no body plan(sponges) Radial Symmetry-radiate from center (jelly fish) Bilateral Symmetry-identical halves when cut from head to tail.

Anatomical Terminology Superior (toward head) Inferior (toward feet) Dorsal (toward back) Ventral ( toward front) Medial (towards center) Lateral (towards outside) Proximal Distal

BODY PLAN coelom - body cavity to house organs. An evolutionary advantage acoelomate - no body cavity present Pseudocoelomate – partial body cavity

Germ Layers Endoderm Ectoderm Mesoderm inner layer of cells Introduction to Animals Germ Layers Endoderm inner layer of cells Ectoderm outer layer of cells Mesoderm layer of cells between the endoderm and ectoderm

10 Animal Phylums

SPONGES Lack TRUE Tissues Sessile (doesn’t move) PHYLUM PORIFERA SPONGES FEEDING: water is drawn in through pores into a central cavity and out of opening called OSCULUM Lack TRUE Tissues Sessile (doesn’t move)

NO Tissues or coordination between parts 2 Tissue Layers Ectoderm & Endoderm Hermaphrodites Egg & Sperm – Sexual reproduction results when sperm are drawn to other sponge Capable of Regeneration NO Tissues or coordination between parts

Check these Porifera out 

Hydra, Sea Jelly (Jellyfish), corals PHYLUM CNIDARIA Hydra, Sea Jelly (Jellyfish), corals 2 Germ Layers Endotherm & Ectotherm **Muscles & Nerves Simplest Form **Radial Symmetry ** evolutionary advancement radial symmetry* *denotes evolutionary advancement

Body is a sac with a central gastrovascular cavity and 1 opening (mouth and anus) Carnivores: use nematocysts (tentacles) to capture prey Can occur as POLYP (sessile) or MEDUSA (free swimming) Reproduce by spawning

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms Bilateral symmetry* 3 tissue layers* ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm more complex organ systems and true muscles*

only 1 opening Reproduction: sexually - exchange sperm through internal fertilization asexually - regeneration Hermaphrodites

PHYLUM NEMATODA roundworms Most numerous of all animals complete digestive tract; 2 OPENINGS* Reproduction is usually sexual w/ separate males and females Fertilization is internal Pseudocoelom*

parasitic worms

PHYLUM ANNELIDA Segmented worms: earthworm, leech all have segments* Coelom (body cavity) - houses, cushions and protects organs* Digestive system has specialized regions;Pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard and intestines

Closed circulatory system; blood* “brainlike” cerebral ganglia Hermaphroditic but cross fertilize (exchange sperm and store it in clitellium) The Giant Earthworm

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Snails, oysters, octopus coelom* BODY: 3 main parts FOOT (movement) VISCERAL MASS (internal organs) MANTLE (shell)

Separate sexes with ovaries and testes in visceral mass -- reproduce sexually

CLASSES of Mollusks Class Gastropoda - snails, slugs single shell Class Bivalvia - oysters, clams suspension feeders two shells Class Cephlapoda - octopus, squid built for speed -- carnivores, reduced shell (beak)

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA Sea stars, sea urchins Radial symmetry plates with spines embedded in soft body tissues.

External fertilization; separate males and females simple nervous and sensory system; no excretory system Gill-like structures a sea star is a predator; it spits its stomach from its mouth and digests its food and brings the stomach back in.

PHYLUM Arthropoda

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Most successful group of animals ever to live segmentation, hard skeleton and jointed appendages led to great success.

Appendages are modified for walking, feeding, flying, sensory reception, copulation and defense Body covered with cuticle (exoskeleton) made of chitin; provides protection and place for muscle attachment Grow by molting Separate sexes: males and females

Well developed sensory organs including eyes, olfactory receptors (scent), antennae (touch). Cephalization is extensive (well defined head)

CLASS ARACHNIDA spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions 2 body parts (cephalothorax and abdomen) anterior appendages are modified as pincers or fangs (chelicerae)

CLASS DIPLOPODA (millipedes) 2 pair of legs per segment saprophytes CLASS CHILOPODA (centipedes) 1 pair of legs per segment carnivorous, poisonous

Class Insecta out number all other life forms combined complex NS 3 body regions (head, thorax and abdomen) specialized mouthparts (mandibles for eating) 3 pairs of legs Pollination

CLASS CRUSTACEA Lobsters, crawfish, shrimp, crab Most are aquatic Head and thorax fused into 1 cephalothorax

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