Green ICT in Further and Higher Education: The UK Experience

Structure - Background - Greening OF ICT - Greening BY ICT - Greening ICT Curricula - Drivers - Conclusions ABOUT THIS Sustainable ICT? - environmental, social & economic - uses of ICT (e.g. privacy, repression) Green ICT? - environmental, narrow social Low Carbon ICT? Energy Efficient ICT?

Provider of digital infrastructure and services to UK education, as SURF - high capacity network & related activities -JANET (ja.net) - guidance and advices - ICT-enabled libraries/learning Research/Action Programmes - SusteIT Green IT c £3 million IT Category in Green Gown Awards More info - ABOUT

Environmental Improvement - improvement ‘clubs’ with technical inputs - Responsible Energy Costs - e.g. devolved energy budgeting, whole life costing Behavioural/Technical - Sustainable ICT use e.g. desktop powerdown, file storage, HPC, printing, server rooms - Dematerialisation e.g. e-readers, videoconferences - Cloud computing and thin client - Flexible working - Reporting sustainability-related information PROJECTS

1998 – world’s first NGO for Green ICT - research, guidance, policy EU Involvement - Sustainable ICT consultation for Lisbon - Sustainable Teleworking (Sustel) project - Expert Groups eg ICT & Energy Efficiency Green ICT in universities ABOUT

GREENING OF ICT

PRODUCTION BURDENS A typical semiconductor facility: million gallons DI water million pounds of chemicals million kwh of electricity PC/LCD production - 1,000+ hazardous substances High energy materials tonnes of rock - for 1 gram of gold

THE STEAM COMPUTER

SUSTEIT FINDINGS - UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD 18% electricity 15% carbon £1 million pa

ENERGY/CARBON IMPACT TOOL

SUSTEIT FINDINGS - SECTOR 760,000 PCs 215,000 servers 147,000 networked printers £60 million + energy bill 275,000 tonnes of CO 2

2010 AGENDAS – DESKTOP Powerdown - Lisa Nelson’s free software saved £64,000 pa at Liverpool - ½ year paybacks Energy efficient devices Low power devices Thin(k) client

QUEEN MARGARET UNIVERSITY Wanted greenest building in UK PCs main barrier 98% thin client 25-30% space savings

2010 AGENDAS - DATA CENTRE Power Usage Effectiveness - ratio of total energy (ie servers + support) to server energy 1990s centres design 1.5/1.6 University of St Andrews 1.2 CSC, Finland 1.06

Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversion & Distribution Alternative Energy Supply Voltage optimisation Use of DC power Highly efficient UPS systems Efficient redundancy strategies Power management Consolidation/Virtualisation More efficient device design More efficient storage Better air management Free/efficient cooling Innovative cooling Flexibility and control On-site renewables Waste heat for cooling Fuel cells Thermal storage DATA CENTRE OPPORTUNITIES

2020 AGENDAS Device proliferation Increasing functionality Increasing accessibility New applications ‘Exabyte research’

2020 AGENDAS Technology/material transitions Energy aware software Net zero carbon - data centres - networks - supply chains System integration - grid related location Local integration Greening the cloud

GREENING BY ICT SMART 2020 Benefits - 15% cut in CO 2 emissions by $946 billion of cost savings - 5:1 CO 2 avoidance/creation ratio Means - smart grid - intelligent buildings - new ways of working

AVE MARIA UNIVERSITY 19 Intrusion Detection Fire Alarm System Power System Elevator Mgmt. Lighting Controls HVAC Control Evacuation Management Security Users Building Maintenance Users Access Control (security system) Campus Security

BY ICT – BEHAVIOUR

BY ICT – OPTIMISATION

BY ICT – DEMATERIALISATION

BY ICT – UTILISATION

GREENING ICT CURRICULA New degrees - MSc in Green IT New modules Projects - university IT footprinting - repairing old equipment Absences - change management - software coding

10 - EXHORTATION Greening Government IT - Central Government's office estate Carbon Neutral by Carbon neutral across the ICT life cycle by 2020 “Countries from around the world are now looking to us for advice on how to follow our lead"

9 – IT SUSTAINABILITY CONCERN Task focus Performance worries Narrow definitions Lack of financial responsibility Complex supply chains in many countries

8 – CARBON “EU carbon prices could remain languishing at little more than €20 a tonne up to 2020, based on the current EU emissions target and without further restriction of UN carbon offset credits” – Societe Generale

7 – ENERGY COST

Hardware - Energy Star - EPEAT - Ecoflower Data Centre - Energy Star - European Code of Conduct Networks? Applications? 6 – CUSTOMER SUSTAINABILITY CONCERN

5 – DISCLOSURE

Organisational comparison Building comparison - Energy certificates Benchmarking Product comparison Supply chain - monitoring - reassurance

4 - AESTHETICS

FROM UGLY PROCESSES

3 – CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT

2 – TOTAL COST

NUMBER 1

CONCLUSIONS Small inputs can produce large output Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the future There is no green IT community The biggest gains may not be environmentally driven

CONCLUSIONS There is enormous opportunity Central support is crucial - information and understanding - creating networks - practical assistance - overcoming capital/revenue disconnects

(MORE) EFFICIENT STORAGE OPTIONS Manage - policies; deduplication Optimise - from monolithic SAS/SCSI - to nearline SAS/SSD mix - 150TB 15 to 2.5kW Replace - higher efficiency devices Extend - cloud, shared services