Parabolas.

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Presentation transcript:

Parabolas

The parabola: A curve on which all points are equidistant from a focus and a line called the directrix. dPF = dPdirectrix = c or dPF + dPdirectrix = 2c

Standard Equation of a Parabola: (Vertex at the origin) Equation Focus Directrix x2 = 4cy (0, c) y = –c Equation Focus Directrix x2 = -4cy (0, -c) y = c (If the x term is squared, the parabola opens up or down)

Equation Focus Directrix y2 = 4cx x = –c Equation Focus Directrix y2 = -4cx (-c, 0) x = c (If the y term is squared, the parabola opens left or right)

Example 1: Determine the focus and directrix of the parabola y = 4x2 : x2 = 4cy y = 4x2 4 4 x2 = 1/4y 4c = 1/4 c = 1/16 Focus: (0, c) Directrix: y = –c Focus: (0, 1/16) Directrix: y = –1/16

Let’s see what this parabola looks like... Example 2: Graph and determine the focus and directrix of the parabola –3y2 – 12x = 0 : –3y2 = 12x –3y2 = 12x –3 –3 y2 = –4x y2 = 4cx 4c = –4 c = –1 Focus: (c, 0) Directrix: x = –c Focus: (–1, 0) Directrix: x = 1 Let’s see what this parabola looks like...

Standard Equation of a Parabola: (Vertex at (h,k)) Equation Focus Directrix (x-h)2 = 4c(y-k) (h, k + c) y = k - c Equation Focus Directrix (x-h)2 = -4c(y-k) (h, k - c) y = k + c

Standard Equation of a Parabola: (Vertex at(h,k)) Equation Focus Directrix (y-k)2 = 4c(x-h) (h +c , k) x = h - c Equation Focus Directrix (y-k)2 = -4c(x-h) (h - c, k) x = h + c

Example 3: The coordinates of vertex of a parabola are V(3, 2) and equation of directrix is y = –2. Find the coordinates of the focus.

Equation of Parabola in General Form For (x-h)2 = 4c(y-k) y = Ax2 + Bx + C For (y-k)2 = 4c(x-h) x = Ay2 + By + C

Example 4: Convert y = 2x2 -4x + 1 to standard form (x -1) 2 = 1(y + 1) 2

Example 5: Determine the equation of the parabola with a focus at (3, 5) and the directrix at x = 9 The distance from the focus to the directrix is 6 units, so, 2c = -6, c = -3. V(6, 5). The axis of symmetry is parallel to the x-axis: (y - k)2 = 4c(x - h) h = 6 and k = 5 (y - 5)2 = 4(-3)(x - 6) (y - 5)2 = -12(x - 6) (6, 5)

Example 6: Find the equation of the parabola that has a minimum at (-2, 6) and passes through the point (2, 8). The vertex is (-2, 6), h = -2 and k = 6. (x - h)2 = 4c(y - k) x = 2 and y = 8 (2 - (-2))2 = 4c(8 - 6) 16 = 8c 2 = c (x - h)2 = 4c(y - k) (x - (-2))2 = 4(2)(y - 6) (x + 2)2 = 8(y - 6) Standard form 3.6.10

Example 7: Sketch (y-2)2 ≤ 12(x-3)

The equation of the directrix is x + 4 = 0. Example 8: Find the coordinates of the vertex and focus, the equation of the directrix, the axis of symmetry, and the direction of opening of y2 - 8x - 2y - 15 = 0. 4c = 8 c = 2 y2 - 8x - 2y - 15 = 0 y2 - 2y + _____ = 8x + 15 + _____ 1 1 (y - 1)2 = 8x + 16 (y - 1)2 = 8(x + 2) Standard form The vertex is (-2, 1). The focus is (0, 1). The equation of the directrix is x + 4 = 0. The axis of symmetry is y - 1 = 0. The parabola opens to the right.

Example 9: Find the intersection point(s), if any, of the parabola with equation y2 = 2x + 12 and the ellipse with equation