1 Mobilization of coal supply IRADe – Energy Conclave 2006 Dr. D. M. Kale

2 The way forward………… To implement the integrated energy policy for coal mobilisation, while caring for the beautiful biosphere of our blue planet, is Embrace Coal Gasification. Embrace Coal Gasification.

3 Assuming all the best things happen We still need to mobilise

4 Coal, the God’s gift as frozen ancient Sunlight, Million tons Per annum by 2032 From current 400+Mt.

5 Heat (HHV) Pollution Ash CO2 NOx SOx Low energy efficiency Coal – Energy Conversion

6Pollution

7 Environment Cost of Pollution Emission in gm/kWh “ If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it …to measure is to know” - Lord Kelvin SourceCO2NO2SOx Coal Oil N.Gas Nuclear

8 Can we do it…… Good news Coal Gasification Methane Extraction

9 Coal gasification - Controlled combustion of coal & obtain syn gas. Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Surface Coal Gasification (SCG) Coal Gasification

10 Two boreholes are drilled into the coal seam UCG - Concept

11 Coal is ignited, combustion is maintained by injecting air or oxygen and steam UCG - Concept

12 The resulting gases are brought to surface by the second bore hole UCG - Concept

13 UCG - Concept

14 Coal UCG - Products

15 UN MINEABLE COAL RESOURCES : Billion tons UN MINEABLE LIGNITE RESOURCES : Billion tons TOTAL UNMINEABLE RESOURCES : Billion tons PERCENTAGE OF COAL AMENABLE TO UCG : 30 % COAL RESERVES AMENABLE TO UCG : Billion tons UCG GAS (considering 2700 m3/ton): Trillion m 3 NATURAL GAS EQUIVALENT: Trillion m 3 CALORIFIC VALUE OF PRODUCED GAS : 3- 5 MJ/m 3 CALORIFIC VALUE OF NATURAL GAS = 38 MJ/m 3 UCG - Potential

16 Coal Reserves estimated by ONGC in Gujarat : Patan Tharad block:60 Billion tons Patan Tharad block:60 Billion tons Ahmedabad Mehsana block:63 Billion tons Ahmedabad Mehsana block:63 Billion tons Natural Gas Equivalent of UCG Natural Gas Equivalent of UCG from these block with 20% conversion of coal Reserves : 6 Trillion M 3 from these block with 20% conversion of coal Reserves : 6 Trillion M 3 UCG – Potential Gujarat Indian Natural Gas reserves 1 Trillion M 3 UCG – Potential ( The hidden Treasure !)

17 UCG - Utility Power Nitrogenous Fertilizers Petrochemicals (MTO, MTP technology) Liquid Fuels (GTL technology) SYN GAS

18 UCG – Project Timeline UCG - Road Map

19 Facilitates exploitation of deep / unminable coal reserves Higher efficiency coupled with low capital costs than conventional coal-fired station Eliminates SO 2 emission Radio active ash remains deep down… UCG - Advantage

20 Environmentally friendly Significant reduction in CO2, SOx, NOx emissions No Waste disposal (Ash Trapped Underground) Reduced emission of Green House Gases by CO 2 Sequestration Short Construction and Commissioning Time UCG - Advantage

21 Replacing underground mines under complicated, risky conditions of operation. Environmental protection. Augment and replace dwindling valuable fuels as oil and gas UCG - Advantage

22 Surface Coal Gasification (SCG) A process for converting Coal deposits into Gas insitu.

23 Surface Coal Gasification (SCG) Process Flow Chart

24 Coal Gasification Gasifier Internals

25 Surface Coal Gasification Highlights of Technology Equipment Design lifetime – typically 25 years Robust membrane wall, No lining repair required. Coal burner life time > 20,000 Hrs proven High carbon conversion High cold gas efficiency, > 80% LHV Easy single gasifier scale up – to 40,000 TPD of coal. Single Gasifier availability expected at 95% Maintenance sht down 3 week every 2 year. Recommanded inspection shut down (1-2 week) Unscheduled downtime not factored in.

26 Surface Coal Gasification (SCG) Possible Process Flow Stream

27 Where are others ? China

28 Extensive R&D activity funded by DOE Contemplating to have poly-generation plants with capture and sequestration of CO 2 Scale of dreams - 70 large plants to generate 35 GW power and 2.4 million barrels a day of zero sulfur liquid fuel utilizing 350 MMtpa of coal … syn gas parks Where are others ? USA

29 Even if 20 % of 200 billion tonnes of un- recoverable coal reserve is utilized; it can result in … 50 billion bbl of synthetic diesel or 90,000 MW for 100 years Coal Gasification ! IGCC efficiency gain by 30%

30 Environment – Power Perspective

31 Coal Gasification Environmental Benefits….  Gas suitable for high- efficiency power generation.  High-pressure product gas can be easily treated.  CO 2 capture & sequestration.  Cavity potential future sequestration locations.

32 Background  Global concern on rising concentration of CO 2  Increased from 280 to 370 ppm Rise in CO2 Concentration (Mauna Loa)

33 Capture Utilisation Disposal EOR Coalbed Methane Depleted Oil & gas reservoirs Saline formations Salt caverns Mineralisation Deep oceans Carbon Sequestration

34 Decision requiring attention Royalty for coal in case of UCG need be nominal since without UCG resource can not be exploited. Initially low tariffs to encourage investments. Power generation from UCG needs special fiscal regime. Deploying UCG / SCG syn-gas towards chemical feedstock and for liquefaction needs R&D as well as high incentives. Coal need to be specially mined and allocated for SCG. UCG / SCG– Policies

35 Get Convinced …. And then ……. PUSH Hard !!!!!!!!!!!!!

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