Health Then and Now

In the 1800s and early 1900s infectious diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis, and diphtheria were the leading causes of death. Nowadays in the 21 ST century, these have been replaced with the lifestyle diseases such as heart attacks, strokes, CVD’s, cancer & diabetes.

When infectious diseases were the leading causes of death, health care was more of a mechanistic model. This means that you live your life until something goes wrong and then you go see a doctor and get it fixed. The problem with this is that it may not be able to be fixed.

Now that the leading causes of death are lifestyle diseases, a preventative model is more critical. This suggests that health is a culmination of your lifestyle choices, making choices to prevent you from getting sick.

Preventative Options PROVIDERWHOWHAT Community Unity Care Clinic Adults Children Homeless Walk Ins Adult Primary Care Pediatric care Women’s Health Behavioral Health Dental Health HIV ARCH-Healthcare for the homeless Hospital care Pharmacy Family Planning

Preventative Options PROVIDERWHOWHAT People’s ClinicAdults Children (By appointment only) Adult Medicine Reproductive Health Prenatal Care Pediatrics Breastfeeding Counseling Adolescent Health Social Work Services Chronic Disease Management Integrated Behavioral Health Tandem Teen Prenatal & Parenting Program

Preventative Options PROVIDERWHOWHAT Primary Care Physician Adults Children Any basic medical care Immunizations After Hours Clinics Adults Children Any basic medical care Immunizations Urgent Care Clinics Adults Children Any basic medical care Immunizations

Treatment Options PROVIDERWHOWHAT Any place listed on previous slides as well as… Emergency Rooms Adults Children Uninsured Any emergency health concern Any Injury HospitalsAdults Children Uninsured Any emergency health concern Any Injury Surgery

What role do health care professionals and/or agencies have in promoting a healthy community? What would happen in a community if there were no health care providers?

what do you think is the leading cause of death among teenagers? Soooooo… knowing our lifestyle has a big influence on our health, FAMILY FEUD GAME

#1 Motor Vehicle Accidents In 2009, more than 3,000 teens in the United States aged 15–19 were killed and more than 350,000 were treated in emergency departments for injuries suffered in motor- vehicle crashes. 1,2 ~~MAKE UP 67% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19~~ (out of all unintentional injuries 42%)

TEEN DRIVER FACTS: CDC ◦ Newly licensed teens, teens driving with passengers, and male teenagers have the highest risks for motor vehicle accidents. ◦ Males are 2 times more likely than females to be involved in a crash. ◦ In 2010, 22% of teen drivers involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes were drinking. ◦ Teens have the lowest rate of seatbelt use. ◦ Teen drivers are 3 times more likely than drivers aged 20 and older to be in a fatal crash.

The factor that contributes most often to automobile accidents is… Driver Behavior

A GROWING PROBLEM TEXTING AND DRIVING

Other factors that should be avoided are speeding, aggressiveness and impaired driving

Some general rules for driving that apply to all motor vehicles are: AVOIDING DISTRACTIONS a. don’t drive under the influence b. avoid fatigue c. leave room between you and car in front d. drive the speed limit e. monitor the road and surroundings. f. wear your seat belt g. be courteous.

These MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS and TEEN DEATH… …can be prevented by a change in DRIVER BEHAVIOR

When a TEEN (or anyone else) dies tragically… …decisions must be made… Organ Donation What are your thoughts about organ donation?

Organ Donation ◦ One Donor Can:  Save the lives of 8 people  Enhance the lives of more than 50 people ◦ Fast Facts:  More than 110,000 people are waiting for a transplant  More than 10,000 of those people are from Texas  Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the waiting list

Donating Organs: ◦ When you get your drivers license, you have the choice of being an organ donor or not. ◦ Even if a teenager signs the back of his or her driver’s license to indicate organ donor status, the family still has to give permission in the event of a tragedy. ◦ Anyone can go online and register to be an organ donor at

Myths and facts are organ donation: MYTH: If I am in an accident and the hospital knows that I want to be an organ and tissue donor, the doctors will not try to save my life. Truth: Organ and tissue recovery takes place only after all efforts to save your life have been exhausted and death has been legally declared MYTH: I am not the right age for organ or tissue donation. TRUTH: Organs may be donated from birth to old age. There is no age limit for tissue donation.

Myth: Rich and famous people go to the top of the list when they need a donor organ. Fact: The rich and famous aren't given priority when it comes to allocating organs. It may seem that way because of the amount of publicity generated when celebrities receive a transplant, but they are treated no differently from anyone else. The reality is that celebrity and financial status are not considered in organ allocation.

# 2 Homicide Although other teens are responsible for many of the homicides of teens below age 18, two-thirds of the murderers are eighteen or older. 4 Gang involvement has been associated with many teen murders ~~MAKES UP 17% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19~~

#3 Suicide In 2009, 1,928 children and teens between the ages of 10 and 19 committed suicide in the U.S. Teenage boys were four times as likely as teenage girls to die by suicide. Boys were also more likely to use guns and suffocation to kill themselves. Girls were more likely than boys to use pills. ~~MAKES UP 15% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19~~

#4 Malignant Neoplasms (cancer) Malignant neoplasm implies a lesion that can invade and destroy the adjacent tissues and spread to the distant sites(Metastasize) and cause death, Malignant tumors are also called CANCER ~~MAKE UP 6% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19~~

#5 Heart Disease Most of the risk factors that affect children can be controlled early in life. Other risk factors are usually passed down through family members or they are the result of another illness or disease. These risk factors usually can be controlled. Congenital heart disease (heart defects you are born with) cannot be changed, but better tests and treatments are now available for children with these types of heart problems.Congenital heart disease ~~MAKES UP 3% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19~~

While unintentional injury is listed as the #1 cause of death with 4,807 deaths, of those deaths 3,242 are from motor vehicle accidents so we consider motor vehicle accidents as the #1 cause of death among 15 – 19 yr. olds. CDC 2009

Soooooo ……what are some types of unintentional injury?

A fatal injury caused by electricity entering the body and destroying vital tissues.

A fatal injury caused by an inability to breathe when the nose and mouth are blocked or when the body becomes oxygen- deficient.

Falls Explosions Toxic hazards Electrocution Fires The most common types of unintentional injuries in the workplace are

What is the government agency that was created to help prevent work-related injuries, illness and death? Occupational Safety Health Administration

RULES OF GUN SAFETY Assume every gun is loaded until you have checked yourself Open the action when you pick up a gun Open the action before passing the gun to another person

OTHER RULES OF GUN SAFETY Never shoot at a hard flat surface or water Never drink or take drugs before, or while shooting Always be sure your action and barrel are clear of obstructions Store hunting arms under lock and in a separate location from the ammunition Always unload before crossing a ditch, climbing a fence, entering a stand, or encountering an obstacle

What measures do you take to prevent anything going wrong with your body? If you were an expensive, one of a kind car, what measures would you take to make sure you stayed in tip top condition?