Chapter 6 - The Internet Evolution of the Internet Security vs. Privacy Video Streaming Over the Internet Electronic Commerce Web censorship Intranets and Extranets

Linked Networks Verizon BackboneAT&T Backbone MAE* East Verizon Vienna, VA Sprint Nextel Backbone MAE* West Verizon San Jose * Metropolitan Area Exchanges: Sites with routers where ISPs exchange traffic. Also called network access points, NAPs. Carriers monitor their Networks at NOCs, Network Operations Centers Sprint Nextel NAP Pennsauken NJ

An Edge Router * 20 port modular card for connections to optical networks; each port at 10/100 Kbps Ethernet or 1 Gigabit Ethernet ** 2 Port modular card that interfaces with optical networks at 10 Gig-E per port ** 4 built in 10 Gig-E uplinks to optical networks Management Ports for administration & software updates (Console Ethernet, Aux + USB Drive connector ) *** 2 ports (Clock input/output), BITS input for clocking on protocols such as SONET and Fiber Channel that require exact timing Dual redundant Power Supplies Type of ports described above are: * SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) ** XFP (10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable) *** UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)

Racks inside cages containing multiple carriers’ routers Backup generators Windowless hurricane proof building with high- level of security, duplicate power sources and duplicate fiber optic cabling Fiber cable to carrier backbone Duplicate cables to carrier backbone and electric utility Cable to electric utility A Peering Point

Interconnections & Peering on the Internet Note ways ISWest makes its data centers sustainable, secure and connected to the outside: – Pay attention to entry security Protection from fire Protection from electrical outages and overheating Cabinet designs Protection from natural disasters (hurricanes, tornadoes)

Carrier Compensation Under Network Neutrality Customer in Chicago on a videoconference with Beijing office. Pays fees to carrier A and to Skype. Carrier A; Skype pays nothing to Carrier A. Carrier B; not compensated Carrier C: not compensated by Skype Providers’ coverage areas Beijing office: Pays fees to Skype & carrier C.

Government or Censorship Protection? Governments block web sites: – Child pornography – Foreign e-commerce sites – Copyright infringements – Twitter – Certain social networks Governments block & monitor – Dissenters – Terrorists – Hacking attacks

Extranets and Intranets Influence of Internet technology Extranets: – Making applications available to: Customers Business partners Intranets – Using Web technology internally Single sign-on and password Collaboration Access to enterprise information

Summing Up  Describe the structure of the Internet  How has the Internet changed the way  We conduct business?  Get information?  Make purchases?  Intranets & extranets  How has the Internet changed the way we socialize?  Can we protect our networks?  Is free stuff worth losing privacy for?