Elements Hydrogen Number of: Protons 1 Neutrons 0 Electrons 1 Boiling point -252 Freezing point -259 State at room temperature gas

Elements Helium Number of: Protons 2 Neutrons 2 Electrons 2 Boiling point -268 Freezing point -272 State at room temperature gas

Elements Lithium Brief description: lithium is a Group 1 element Group 1 elements are called "alkali metals". Lithium is a solid only about half as dense as water and lithium metal is the least dense metal. A freshly cut chunk of lithium is silvery, but tarnishes in a minute or so in air to give a grey surface. Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with aluminium and magnesium for light-weight alloys, and is also used in batteries, some greases, some glasses, and in medicine. Number of: Protons 3 Neutrons 4 Electrons 3 Boiling point 1347 Freezing point 180 State at room temperature solid

Elements Boron Brief description: boron is a Group 3 element that has properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals (semi metallic). It is a semiconductor rather than a metallic conductor. Chemically it is closer to silicon than to aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. Number of: Protons 5 Neutrons 5 Electrons 5 Boiling point 2550 Freezing point 2300 State at room temperature solid

Elements Carbon Number of: Protons 6 Neutrons 6 Electrons 6 Boiling point 3440 Freezing point 4827 State at room temperature solid Brief description: carbon is a Group 4 element and is distributed very widely in nature. It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets. Carbon is found free in nature in three allotropic forms: amorphous, graphite, and diamond. Graphite is one of the softest known materials while diamond is one of the hardest.

Elements Oxygen Number of: Protons 8 Neutrons 8 Electrons 8 Boiling point -182 Freezing point State at room temperature gas Brief description: oxygen is a Group 6 element. While about one fifth of the atmosphere is oxygen gas, the atmosphere of Mars contains only about 0.15% oxygen. Oxygen is the third most abundant element found in the sun, and it plays a part in the carbon-nitrogen cycle, one process responsible for stellar energy production. About two thirds of the human body, and nine tenths of water, is oxygen. The gas is colourless, odourless, and tasteless. Liquid and solid oxygen are pale blue.

Elements Fluorine Number of: Protons 9 Neutrons 10 Electrons 9 Boiling point -188 Freezing point State at room temperature gas Brief description: fluorine is a Group 7 element. Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive of all elements. It is a pale yellow, corrosive gas, which reacts with practically all substances.

Elements Sodium Number of: Protons 11 Neutrons 12 Electrons 11 Boiling point 882 Freezing point 97 State at room temperature solid Brief description: sodium is a Group 1 element which are often referred to as the "alkali metals". Sodium salts impart a characteristic orange/yellow colour to flames and orange street lighting is orange because of the presence of sodium in the lamp. Soap is generally a sodium salt of fatty acids. The most common compound is sodium chloride, (table salt).

Elements Magnesium Number of: Protons 12 Neutrons 12 Electrons 12 Boiling point 1090 Freezing point 648 State at room temperature solid Brief description: magnesium is a greyish-white, fairly tough metal. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust although not found in it's elemental form. It is a Group 2 element Group 2 elements are called alkaline earth metals. Magnesium metal burns with a very bright light. Magnesium is an important element for plant and animal life.

Elements Potassium Number of: Protons 19 Neutrons 20 Electrons 19 Boiling point 774 Freezing point 63 State at room temperature solid Brief description: potassium is a metal and is the seventh most abundant and makes up about 1.5 % by weight of the earth's crust. Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and it is found in most soils. It is one of the most reactive of metals and, apart from lithium, it is the least dense known metal. It is soft and easily cut with a knife. It is silvery in appearance immediately after a fresh surface is exposed..

Elements Iron Number of: Protons 26 Neutrons 30 Electrons 26 Boiling point 2750 Freezing point 1535 State at room temperature solid

Elements Copper Number of: Protons 29 Neutrons 35 Electrons 29 Boiling point 2567 Freezing point 1083 State at room temperature solid Copper is reddish with a bright metallic colour. It is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity (second only to silver in electrical conductivity).

Elements Zinc Number of: Protons 30 Neutrons 35 Electrons 30 Boiling point 907 Freezing point 419 State at room temperature solid

Elements Nitrogen Number of: Protons 7 Neutrons 7 Electrons 7 Boiling point -209 Freezing point -195 State at room temperature gas Brief description: Nitrogen is a Group 5 element and makes up about 78% of the atmosphere.