Elton Mayo Born in Australia School. In 1924 he became a professor of Industrial Research at Harvard Business School.

Human Relations Movement Changed productivity studies from Scientific Management to Human Relations. Managers must cater to the “social needs” of workers ◦ Informal or unofficial groups influenced productivity of those people. ◦ Individual workers are less productive.

Hawthorne Experiment Observed groups of women Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago. Women knew they were being observed. Researchers changed lighting, temperature and rest breaks. Regardless of the change, productivity increased. Increase in productivity was because someone was paying attention to their needs.

“Social Problems of an Industrialized Civilization” Workers cannot be treated as a piece of machinery. ◦ Factory is a “social system” Referred to managers and workers as “fellow employees.” ◦ Importance of cohesion and solidarity. ◦ Cooperation is horizontal, not vertical. Morale is very important.

Management and the Worker Against unions and collective bargaining ◦ too “us vs. them” ◦ Extensive counseling program works instead  Give workers an outlet to voice concerns.  Improve mental health. Conflict is the result of faulty social organizations.

2002. George Elton May and the Hawthorne Experiments. Workforce Feb. 2002: Saracheck, Bernanrd. (1968). Elton Mayo's Social Psychology and Human Relations. The Academy of Management Journal 11, Sheppard, Harold L., and Stuart Chase.(1950). The Human Effect of Mechanization. The Antioch Review 10,