Week 12 Tutorial 10 Sociolinguistics Kwok Zhi Hao Geraldine Tu Xue En Lee Xiong Wei Joshua Reanna Suela

COCKNEY DIALECT AND REFLEXIVE FORMATION Question 1:

Cockney Dialect and Reflexive Formation Object PronounsPossessive Pronouns SingularPluralSingularPlural First personmeusmyour Second personyou your Third personhim/her/itthemhis/her/itstheir Reflexives SingularPlural First personmyselfourselves Second personyourselfyourselves To create a reflexive pronoun, put possessive pronouns together with the noun ‘self’. Part A)

Part B) Reflexives SingularPlural First personmyselfourselves Second personyourselfyourselves Third Personhisself/herself/itsselftheirselves Reflexive pronoun = possessive pronouns + ‘self’ Cockney Dialect and Reflexive Formation Actual third person pronouns in Standard English: Part C) SingularPlural Third Personhimself/herself/itselfthemselves

Cockney Dialect and Reflexive Formation Descriptive approach: The forms are important in helping us understand the use of reflexive pronouns in the different dialects Should not condemn the forms used in Cockney A prescriptive approach: The forms in B are correct using the above rule However, they are incorrect as they are not used in the modern standard English. Part D) Reflexive pronoun = possessive pronouns + ‘self’

The Cockney Dialect is more “systematic” because all the first, second and third person reflexives follow the same rule. Cockney Dialect and Reflexive Formation Cockney DialectReflexivesRule First personMyselfPossessive pronouns + ‘self’ Second personYourself Third personHisself/ herself/ itsself/ theirselves Standard English ReflexivesRule First personMyselfPossessive pronouns + ‘self’ Second personYourself Third personHimself/ herself/ itself/ themselves Object pronouns + ‘self’

CONTACT LINGUISTICS AND TOK PISIN Question 2:

Tok Pisin ‘Talk Pidgin’Literal translated toEnglish Translation (meaning) Taim bilong koltime belong cold‘winter’ Taim bilong santime belong sun‘summer’ man bilong wokim gaden man belong working garden ‘farmer’ tasolthat’s all‘only’ kamupcome up‘arrive’ haus sikhouse sick‘hospital’ Contact linguistics and Tok Pisin

Tok Pisin ‘Talk Pidgin’Literally translated toEnglish Translation (meaning) haus moneyhouse money‘bank’ olgetaaltogether‘all’ sapossuppose‘if’ Handet yiahundred year‘century’ Hamas krismas yu gat?How much Christmas you got? ‘How old are you?’

LANGUAGE POLICIES AND PLANNING DILEMMA Question 3:

OptionsProsCons French – the colonial language - Spoken by the educational/ political elites - The language of administration/ education for 80 years - Colonial past - Only the elite groups are educated in this language English – the language of modernization and globalization - Most popular language - Economic/ educational/ scientific/ technological advantages - Not a colonial language - Unknown to 80% of the population Dondon – a local vernacular shared among 50% of the population - Numerical majority - Can be shared among different ethnic groups - Resistance from other popular vernacular languages - Lack a lexical/ terminological repertoire for modernisation & education Ababa – a common language of trade spoken by traders and used for trading purposes - Politically neutral - Language of trade throughout the country - Limited to trading domains - Unknown to others who are not involved in trading Language Policies and Planning Dilemma

LanguagesUserEducationPolitically NeutralModernisation French ✗ English ✗ Dondon ✗✗✗ Ababa ✗ ✗

Decision: English Based on number of ticks Most popular language in the world Modernisation Government’s interest to modernise and be integrated into the world market Long term education policy Courses for the working population

WHAT IS LINGUISTICS? Question 4:

What is Linguistics? Study of how people communicate Explains how language evolves Explains how we understand each other despite differences in speech / tone / grammar Explains how language develops in the brain and in society Descriptive and scientific approach to study language

Why Linguistics? Language is one of the greatest tools and defining aspects of humanity Linguistics is at the center of the universe (Week 1), study language to learn about the world and humans/humanity affects every dimension of our lives (political, business, cultural, psychological) from individuals to whole societies tell us about our histories and development (physical and social), our current state, and our possible future

Thank you