International Trade Statistics New developments Ronald Jansen Chief of the Trade Statistics Branch United Nations Statistics Division / DESA E-mail: Jansen1@un.org

International standards 2008 SNA 2008 IRIS Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition Current Account Goods – Residency and Change of Ownership Services – Residency Classifications ISIC, Rev.4 CPC 2.0

International standards - Trade International Merchandise Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions 2010 (IMTS 2010) Movement of Goods across Borders Main data source – Customs declarations Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services, 2010 (MSITS2010) BOP services components FATS Modes of Supply Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition Current Account Goods – Residency and Change of Ownership Services – Residency Classifications HS-2012 CPC 2.0 EBOPS

Compilation Guidance - Trade International Merchandise Trade Statistics, Compilers Manual Expert Group on IMTS Customs and Non-customs data sources Country practices Compilers Guide for MSITS2010 Expert Group on Compilation of SITS Time schedule – June 1013 BPM6 Compilation Guide BOPCOM committee First drafts have appeared on IMF website Classifications Revision of BEC New classification for Business Functions (Outsourcing)

Revised recommendations - Trade IMTS 2010 – new data elements Imports FOB added – useful for reconciliation exercises Partner country of consignment – useful for reconciliation studies Mode of Transport Customs procedure Direct imports / exports Inward / Outward processing Global Free zone trade Production

Data Dissemination - Trade UN Comtrade – Upgrade New data elements added Anticipation of further dimensions - industry Addition of Monthly data Publications More analytical Integrating Trade in Goods and Services Monthly trends

Revised recommendations - Trade MSITS 2010 – changes Revised EBOPS classification Requesting partner breakdown by service category Requesting partner breakdown by FDI Requesting partner breakdown by FATS Measuring Modes of Supply Mode 4

Data Dissemination - Trade UN ServiceTrade – Upgrade Collection of more detailed data Further improved Data processing More metadata Publications Integrating Trade in Goods and Services

New developments Fragmentation of production process Trade data do no longer reflect value-added of exporting country What does did mean for Trade imbalances? “Made in the World initiative” - WTO

Rise of Global Value Chains and Trade in Value Added Bo MENG (IDE-JETRO) Regional Seminar on International Trade Statistics (UNSD & NBS) 24-26 Oct. 2011 Beijing. （C）　IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. 10

（C） IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. Simple concept of GVCs Planning of product R&D/Design/Testing production Procurement of parts & components Assembly Final products Marketing/sale/export Customer service/user support （C）　IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. 11

（C） IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. Simple concept of GVCs Planning of product R&D/Design/Testing production Procurement of parts & components Assembly Final products Marketing/sale/export Customer service/user support （C）　IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. 12

Fragmentation production Made in USA ↓ Made in the World （C）　IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. 13

Contribution of trade in intermediate goods Contribution rate Before 2002 vs after 2002 Intermediate goods: 38％→54% Household consumption: 34％→19% Capital goods: 16%→20%　　 Source: calculated by Bo MENG and Norihiko YAMANO, 2011 (using OECD data, preliminary) （C）　IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. 14

Main data sources used in measuring GVCs Firm based data（Apple, Toyota） Micro level, but lack of global viewpoint Bilateral trade data（import and export） Global, but no inter-industry information National input-output data Inter-industry, but lack of global aspect International input-output data Inter-country, inter-industry, but time lag (almost 5 years) （C）　IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. 15 15

Vertical specialisation Country 1 Intermediate goods Capital services Country 2 Domestic intermediate goods Domestic capital and labour Intermediate and final goods Domestic sales Country 3 Exports of intermediate goods Exports of final goods VS share = induced intermediate imports / total exports (=Hummels, et al. (2001) ‘s “Import contents of export”)

（C） IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. Source: WTO-IDE-JETRO (2011) （C）　IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. 17

（C） IDE-JETRO All rights reserved. 18

Global Forum on Trade Statistics Measuring Global Trade - Do we have the right numbers? organized jointly by UNSD and Eurostat in collaboration with WTO and UNCTAD 2-4 February 2011, Geneva, Switzerland Measuring Global Trade New Recommendations IMTS / SITS Data Sources Global Production and Outsourcing Linking Trade and Business Statistics Trade in Value-Added 19 United Nations Statistics Division Workshop IMTS, Phnom Penh, 2-5 February 2010 19

Global Production  Statistics Denmark International Sourcing study Core business function: Production of final goods or services intended for the market/for third parties carried out by the enterprise and yielding income. Support business function: Support business functions (ancillary activities) are carried out in order to permit or facilitate production of goods or services intended for the market/for third parties by the enterprise. Distribution and logistics Marketing, sales and after sales services ICT services Administrative and management functions Engineering and related technical services Research & Development Other support functions

Italy Netherlands New Zealand Linking Trade and Business Statistics Italy Netherlands New Zealand 21 United Nations Statistics Division Workshop IMTS, Phnom Penh, 2-5 February 2010 21

The link between the list of trade operators and the Business Register is the GATEWAY to any new and successful developments in trade statistics Trade flows micro-data Business surveys Administrative and fiscal data List of Trade operators Business Register Special surveys on Globalisation: MNEs and international sourcing FIRST TYPE OF OUTPUT SECOND TYPE OF OUTPUT THIRD TYPE OF OUTPUT “new figures” based on the count of trade operators, for instance by products and markets “new figures” on the business characteristics of exporting and importing enterprises “new figures” and analysis based on the full integration between Trade and Business Statistics 22

Integrating economical, functional and social statistics 1 : P Enterprise Firm Job Person Business Register Job register Population register Statistics of Finances of Enterprises International Trade Fiscal Data Surveys Persons and Households Fiscal Data Ownership (UCI) Structural Business Surveys and short term indicators ConGO Investments R&D

Longitudinal Business Database What’s in the LBD? Longitudinal Business Database Administrative data Longitudinal Business Frame Contains longitudinally linked data for most enterprises operating in NZ. Includes information on: employment location industry ownership relationship Allows individual business to be tracked over time. Survey data Goods and services tax data Financial accounts (IR10) Company tax returns (IR4) Linked Employer Employee Database Overseas merchandise trade Government assistance data Annual Enterprise Survey Business Operations Survey Manufacturing and Energy Use Survey Business Finance Survey Research and Development Survey International Trade in Services and Royalties 24

USITC WTO OECD Trade in Value-added 25 United Nations Statistics Division Workshop IMTS, Phnom Penh, 2-5 February 2010 25 25

Global Forum Website

27 United Nations Statistics Division Workshop IMTS, Phnom Penh, 2-5 February 2010 27

Regional Seminar on International Trade Statistics Beijing, China, October 2011

29 United Nations Statistics Division Workshop IMTS, Phnom Penh, 2-5 February 2010 29

Thank you Ronald Jansen Trade Statistics Branch United Nations Statistics Division Email: comtrade@un.org Website: unstats.un.org/unsd/trade