1 Challenges for Comparative Research on Philanthropy in Europe René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies, VU University Amsterdam,The Netherlands.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 A Continental Divide? Social capital in the US and Europe Pippa Norris and James Davis Harvard University and NORC.
Advertisements

Insights from the National Child Development Study 1958: Vicki Bolton, Jane Parry and Katherine Brookfield designing research instruments, data triangulation.
The baby-boomer generation and family support - a European perspective Jim OGG, Young Foundation, London and Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Vieillesse, Paris.
CEEDR Centre for Enterprise & Economic Development Research (CEEDR), Middlesex University Business School Professor Fergus Lyon and Dr Leandro Sepulveda.
René Bekkers Arjen de Wit Center for Philanthropic Studies VU University Amsterdam 11 th ISTR Conference Münster, Germany July 22, 2014 Look who's crowding-out!
The ‘Crowding-out Effect’: What does the research tell us?
Giving in Europe Current Trends René Bekkers VU University Amsterdam The Netherlands May 23, 2013 Cross-Border Giving: Changes and Trends in the 21st Century.
Susana Bokobo. UAM Marcos Pascual. U.OVIEDO DER
Integrating Representative Sample and High Net Worth Survey Data on Giving René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies VU University Amsterdam.
Surveying Volunteering: Giving in the Netherlands René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies VU University Amsterdam.
Volunteering Applications and methodology Applied Social Psychology VU University Amsterdam January 21, 2014 René Bekkers Philanthropic Studies VU University.
Period 5 Julie Encarnacion Dante Figueroa Maria Claudia Rojas Maria Cristina Rojas.
Young people: are they less religious than older people, and are they less religious than they used to be? Dr. Marion Burkimsher University of Geneva,
1 Norwegian Civil Society Organisations Dr. Sturla J. Stålsett General Secretary Church City Mission, Oslo – Thanks to Gunnar M. Ekeløve-Slydal, Deputy.
Modern Philanthropy Dawn Carr, BBCCF Third Sector Assembly BVSC.
Intel Confidential 1 Laura Bain, OR Renee Levin, AZ 2007 Community Giving Campaign Intel Retirees Investing in Our Community.
René Bekkers Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Philanthropy and Economic Performance 10 July ISTR Conference, Siena.
Fundraising Worldwide Building Relationships for Your Programs "We make a living by what we get. We make a life by what we give." – Winston Churchill.
Social and cultural participation in EU-SILC and the problem of output harmonization Hans Schmeets / Statistics Netherlands / Maastricht University Bart.
THE EUROPEAN FOUNDATION PROPOSAL An effective, efficient and feasible solution for tax issues related to cross border charitable giving and fundraising?
Theory and research methodology for comparative research on philanthropy in Europe René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies, VU University Amsterdam,
STUDENT CLUB of University of Applied Social Sciences The history of voluntary work in Lithuania At the beginning of 1990 Lithuania voluntary work was.
First European Conference on Citizen Initiatives for Global Solidarity EU PHILANTHROPY 2014; EUROPEAN RESEARCH NETWORK; DUTCH CASES BRUSSELS JANUARY 30TH.
Sarah Botterman Marc Hooghe Department of Political Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven The Impact of Community Indicators on Voluntary Associations.
Principle of Care and Giving to Help People in Need René Bekkers Philanthropic Studies, VU University Amsterdam Mark Ottoni-Wilhelm Economics/Lilly Family.
Social Capital and Blood Donation in the Netherlands René Bekkers VU University Amsterdam November 17, th Arnova Conference, Toronto Ingrid Veldhuizen.
Cross-national attitudinal research The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) and European Social Survey (ESS)
The Centurion Club The Rotary Foundation. Centurion Club – What Is It?  District managed scheme to provide structure for regular individual (and other)
Social Capital [II] Exercise for the Research Master Multivariate Statistics W. M. van der Veld University of Amsterdam.
Does Social Capital Lead to Civic Engagement? Jeff Jordan University of Georgia.
Voluntary organization participation and volunteering of older people. What extent? What collective and individual benefits? Lionel Prouteau University.
Religie en het maatschappelijke midden in Nederland René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam May 31, 20131Secularization,
Public Policy, Philanthropy, and Governance: Conditions for Effective Cooperation Theo Schuyt, René Bekkers, Leo Huberts & Willem Trommel VU University.
Gender Differences in Giving in the Netherlands René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies VU University Amsterdam November 8, 20111Workshop in Multidisciplinary.
The Analysis of Regional Differences in Philanthropy Evidence from the European Social Survey, the Eurobarometer and the Giving in the Netherlands Panel.
Do donors raise their donations when they are aware of decreasing government subsidies? A survey experiment Arjen de Wit & René Bekkers Philanthropic Studies,
Religion and the Civic Core in the Netherlands René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies VU University Amsterdam December 8, UCSIA Workshop Volunteering,
1 Disaster Giving 5/30/2006 Heidi Frederick Research Development Specialist.
What is Philanthropy Good For? René Bekkers Philanthropic Studies Seminar July 13, 2010.
Testing Mechanisms in Charitable giving René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies VU University Amsterdam 3-4 November 2014Behavioral Economics and.
Cohort religiosity: does it stay at a stable level everywhere and across all cohorts? Marion Burkimsher University of Lausanne.
The Culture of Giving in Mexico WINGS meeting Sao Paulo, Brazil March 2016 Marilú Villalón Promotion Coordinator of Memberships and Services Mexican Center.
ITNTwinCities: Innovative Senior Transportation. © Copyright 2013 ITNTwinCities Welcome and Introductions Presenting today: – Liz Hagstrom – Joelyn Malone.
Older People – Isolation and Loneliness, Cheltenham Intro to Research Task: Cheltenham Partnership.
What is NGO*? * non-governmental organization. In brief GOVERNMENT BUSINESS NGOs (SOCIETY) There are 3 main sectors in almost every country in the world:
Philanthropy in the Low Countries: Opportunities for Universities? René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam CASE LOWLANDS.
C H A P T E R 7 The Nonprofit Sector Chapter 7.
PGPE Conference, Warsaw 9 October 2014 René Bekkers
European Foundations Supporting Research and Innovation:
Twenty Years of Generosity in the Netherlands
Giving in the Netherlands Panel Study
Look who's crowding-out!
Citizen Perceptions of the Third Sector and Social Innovation
Giving USA 2014: The State of Philanthropy
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)
A Mega-Analysis of Trust
Giving in Europe How much, by whom, and for which causes?
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)
René Bekkers, VU Amsterdam Sigrid Hemels, Erasmus University Rotterdam
René Bekkers – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Values of Philanthropy
Culture change takes time
Biography Hans Schmeets is senior researcher at Statistics Netherlands (Division of Social and Spatial Statistics, Heerlen) and professor at the University.
René Bekkers, VU Amsterdam Sigrid Hemels, Erasmus University Rotterdam
NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS SERVING HOUSEHOLDS
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)
Bipartite arrangements – do they make a difference?
René Bekkers – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households
NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS SERVING HOUSEHOLDS
Presentation transcript:

1 Challenges for Comparative Research on Philanthropy in Europe René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies, VU University Amsterdam,The Netherlands 12 July 2012 ISTR Conference, Siena

2 Research Questions 1. How large are differences in philanthropy (incidence, amounts, causes) between nations in Europe? 2. How can these differences be explained? 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

3 What we have… Lots of data on volunteering, but much less on charitable giving Several datasets on giving using  Different definitions of philanthropy  Different questionnaire modules to measure philanthropy  Different survey methods 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

We’re in big trouble. How many people report donations to various causes varies from one dataset to another. Even differences in giving within the same country vary from one dataset to another. Finally, differences between countries are explained by different variables in the two datasets. 412 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

512 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

What now? Let’s start all over again. And do it better. 612 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

7 Prospects for Data Access Tax data: legal definitions, thresholds, privacy issues Survey data on corporate philanthropy difficult to gather Foundations even more difficult to get access to Getting survey data on households least problematic  let’s do this! 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

8 What we need… New data on giving, using:  A clear definition of philanthropy.  A validated, cross-nationally adequate instrument to measure philanthropy.  One single method of data collection; online is the only feasible option. 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

912 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

10 Definitions Should be operationalized. Definitions should identify a clearly delimited set of phenomena Easy way out:  Exclude memberships and fees.  Exclude informal giving.  Avoid the word ‘voluntary’. 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

11 Conceptual model SourceChannelDestination DonorOrganizationCause MoneyServices Households, individuals, corporations Churches, charities, foundations Groups, Ideals 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

12 The questionnaire should identify Units of analysis: individuals, AND/OR households, OR foundations, OR corporations Channels: churches, charities, foundations, other nonprofit organizations Destinations: causes and services Resources: money, goods, labor 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

13 European Social Survey E1-12 a) CARD 43 For each of the voluntary organisations I will now mention, please use this card to tell me whether any of these things apply to you now or in the last 12 months, and, if so, which. E1-12 b) Do you have personal friends within this organisation? a)CODE ALL THAT APPLY FOR EACH ORGANISATION b) NoneMemberPartici pated Donated money Volun- teered Personal friends? E1.…Firstly, a sports club or club for out- door activities? YesNoDKDK E2… an organisation for cultural or hobby activities? July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

14 WARNING DATA FROM THESE MEASURES MAY BE *VERY FAR* FROM THE LIKELY TRUE VALUES 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

15 Questionnaires on household giving The Gold Standard: the ‘Method + Area Module’ (e.g., GINPS) Incomplete coverage: ‘Area’ (ESS2002, EB 62.2) Severely limited: (Very) ‘Short’ “Methodology is Destiny”: shorter questionnaires yield (strong) underestimates of giving volume and bias parameter estimates Source: Bekkers, R., & Wiepking, P. (2006). ‘To Give or Not to Give…That’s the Question’. Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 35 (3): 533‐ July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

16 Donors per sector (%) NLUS a religious or church organization19 humanitarian aid, human rights, minorities, immigrants205 environmental protection, peace or animal rights235 science, education, or teachers and parents25 cultural or hobby activities43 sports club or club for outdoor activities84 social club, club for the young, the retired/ elderly, women34 political party25 trade union21 business, professional, or farmers’ organization12 consumer or automobile organization21 any other voluntary organization42 Donates money to at least one sector July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

17 Donors per sector in the Netherlands in two data sources (%) ESSGINPS a religious or church organization1939 humanitarian aid, human rights, minorities, immigrants2021 environmental protection, (peace) or animal rights23(7) healthNA13 science, education, or teachers and parents22 cultural or hobby activities42 sports club or club for outdoor activities85 social club, club for the young, the retired/ elderly, women310 political party2NA trade union2NA business, professional, or farmers’ organization1NA consumer or automobile organization2NA any other voluntary organization44 Donates money to at least one sector July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

18 Philanthropy European Social Survey, July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

19 Giving is under- reported in the ESS Direct Q Matrix No 88% Yes 12% No 97% Yes 3% 1389 Cross tabulation of ESS direct question on political giving and marking ‘donated’ for ‘political party’ in the matrix question (US+NL) 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

20 Correlates of giving ESSGINPS Age Age>651.82**0.80 Secondary education1.60**1.05 Tertiary education3.50**1.30 Big city ** Suburb0.79(*)0.75(*) Generalized social trust1.20**1.34** Right wing political self-placement1.25*1.50** Volunteered last year3.33**1.76** Coefficients in bold are significantly different from each other (p<.05) 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

21 What we don’t know… How are France, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Switzerland doing? How much is donated to charity? How do countries differ in the composition of philanthropy? How do countries differ in the characteristics of donors? Where do all these country differences come from? 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

22 Philanthropy EuroBarometer 62.2, July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

23 Donors per sector in the Netherlands in two data sources (%) EBGINPS a religious or church organization2939 humanitarian aid, human rights, minorities, immigrants4121 environmental protection, (peace) or animal rights40(7) Patients organization [and health]30[13] Education (arts, culture)132 Recreational organization [and sports]205 Leisure organization for the elderly3NA Rights for the elderly3NA political party5NA trade union4NA business, professional, or farmers’ organization1NA consumer or automobile organization2NA any other voluntary organization74 Donates money to at least one sector July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

24 Giving is likely to be overreported in EB 5% report giving to a ‘political party or organization’; but only 2.5% is a member and only a fraction donate 40% report giving to an environmental organization; at best, 28% is a member Humanitarian aid is way too high (41%) 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

25 Correlates of giving EBGINPS Big city0.60*0.55** Suburb (*) Age **1.13 Age>652.66**0.80 Secondary education1.85**1.05 Tertiary education Generalized social trust1.21*1.34** Right wing political self-placement ** Volunteered last year3.33***1.76** Coefficients in bold are significantly different from each other (p<.05) 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

26 Why do countries differ? EBESS Individual level variablesYES Country level variablesNOYESNOYES Country level variance3.27%5.45%3.27%9.97% Secondary education1.321**1.305** ** % Secondary education0.031**25.744* Generalized trust ** Mean Generalized trust2.096**1.098 NS Observations16,279 32,905 Countries17 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

27 What we want… Giving Europe, using:  A clear definition of philanthropy.  A validated, cross-nationally adequate instrument to measure philanthropy, based on GINPS.  One single method of data collection; online is the only feasible option. 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

Thanks, says René Bekkers Head of Research Center for Philanthropic Studies VU University Amsterdam 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena 28

29 Correlates of giving ESSGINPS Age Age>651.59**0.64* Secondary education1.71**1.07 Tertiary education3.84**1.35 Big city ** Suburb Catholic1.25(*)2.18** Protestant2.02**2.27** Other Christian Other religion Church attendance (times per year)1.01**1.01 Generalized social trust1.19**1.33** Right wing political self-placement * Volunteering3.15**1.55** 12 July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena

30 Volunteering European Social Survey, July 2012ISTR Conference, Siena