Chapter 11 Independence won Cornell Notes

Section 1: The road to San Jacinto Santa Anna Remains in Texas Houston Builds the Texas Army Houston’s Army Retreats The fall of the Alamo and the losses in South Texas opened the Way for the Mexican army to move farther into Texas. Santa Anna ordered: his troops to burn every town and settlement in their path He believed that the Texas rebellion was crushed. Santa Anna was persuaded to delay his return to Mexico until: after central and East Texas were occupied by Mexican Troops. On March 4th, the delegated name Sam Houston the commander in chief of the Texas Army. Houston sent orders for Fannin to retreat from Goliad and blow up the Garrison there, and join him. On March 25, Houston learns: Fannin and his troops had been captured Houston orders a retreat to the Brazos River.

Section 1: The road to San Jacinto Panic Causes the Runaway Scrape Houston Trains His Army The Mexican Army Moves East Houston’s decision to continue the retreat panicked the families living between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers Heavy spring rains, lack of food and sickness made their journey miserable. This was known as the Runaway Scrape. Houston used the two weeks spent at Groce’s Plantation to train the army in the fundamentals of warfare. Santa Anna moved to Harrisonburg only to find the Texas officials had moved to Galveston. Houston moved his army along the banks of Buffalo Bayou to meet the Mexican Troops.

Section 2: Victory at San Jacinto The Eve of Battle San Jacinto soldiers from Varied Backgrounds The Mexican site was about three- quarters of a mile from Houston’s camp. Santa Anna was confident that Texans would: not attack, but would fight on the defensive. April 20th, a small skirmish occurred between the Texan cavalry and the Mexican army. Mirabeau B. Lamar distinguished himself in the fighting that the next day he was placed in command of the entire Texan Cavalry. Juan Seguin commanded the only company made up entirely of native Texans. 20- 30 Tejanos.

Section 2: Victory at San Jacinto Houston Calls a Council of War “Remember the Alamo” April 21, General Cos and about 540 more soldiers join Santa Anna Fortunately for the Texans: 1. Most recruits were inexperienced 2. Santa Anna did not post enough guards 3. Santa Anna allowed the men time to eat and rest. 4. After the midday meal, Santa Anna retired to his tent. At noon Houston: Called a council of war with his officers At 3:30, General Houston ordered his officers to assemble the troops for an immediate Attack. The Texans moved across the open prairie, the Mexican Camp remained quiet. Santa Anna’s soldiers were: Resting Watering their horse The Texans were upon the enemy camp before the Mexicans knew an attack was upon them.

Section 2: Victory at San Jacinto “Remember the Alamo” Mexicans Suffer Heavy Losses Comparing Reports The Mexican officers tried to rally their forces. The organized Mexican resistance lasted 18 minutes. Texans Killed: fewer than 10 Mexicans Killed: 630 Mexican Prisoners: 730 Santa Anna had disappeared during the fighting. The next day he was found in the tall grass. He was taken to General Houston. Through an interpreter Santa Anna said “General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna… a prisoner of war at your disposition.”\ The capture of Santa Anna was a great achievement for the Texans Prevented him from rejoining his other troops Santa Anna might have continued the war for some time

Section 2: Victory at San Jacinto Treaties of Velasco Public Treaty: Mexican ruler promised to never again fight against the Texans Agreed to order all Mexican forces out of Texas immediately Exchange of Texan and Mexican prisoners All property taken by the Mexican forces during the war was to be returned to its rightful owners. Private Treaty: Work for Mexican recognition of Texas Independence Texans release Santa Anna immediatley with an escort back to Mexico Santa Anna would work to get Texas boundary set at the Rio Grande

Section 2: Victory at San Jacinto Many Texans wanted Revenge Victory’s Consequences Many Texans wanted to hang Santa Anna for the deaths at the Alamo and Goliad. When Santa Anna boarded the ship Invincible an angry group of Texans prevented the ship from sailing. Burnet stopped the officers from executing Santa Anna but they prevented Santa Anna from returning home. The Battle of San Jacinto was one of the most decisive battles in history. The Texans had won their independence from Mexico. The people of Texas returned to their farms and towns not as Mexican citizens but as citizens of the new Republic of Texas