O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Pursuing Resilience: Virginia’s Environmental Challenges Brian J. Moran Secretary of Public Safety & Homeland Security 1 C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 2 Climate Change Rail Safety

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA : VIMS conducts study of recurrent coastal flooding in the Tidewater Region. Based on findings, the Secure Commonwealth Panel institutes Recurrent Flooding Sub-Panel, which develops recommendations for how to proactively respond to this issue. One-and-a-half foot sea level rise expected by the year 2050.

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 4 Melting ice adds 50 cubic miles of water to oceans every year. Low-lying Hampton Roads has largest population concentration of any metropolitan area between New York and Miami. 2-foot sea rise = 82 sq. miles of dry land inundated 660 sq. miles of wetlands submerged 15 miles of Interstate highway, 52 miles of railway, 35 percent of port acreage under water.

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 5 The Hague, Norfolk

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 6 Governor McAuliffe’s top priority is to improve and grow Virginia’s economy. July, 2014: Governor McAuliffe creates Governor’s Climate Change and Resiliency Update Commission. Secretary Moran appointed Chief Resilience Officer.

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 7 Use “living shorelines” and other environmentally friendly techniques to curb the impact of significant storms and flooding. Promote policies that encourage the development of micro grids and other energy technologies that make our infrastructure more resilient. Make state government buildings more energy-efficient and more likely to remain functional during power outages. March 24, 2015: Virginia is first state to receive U.S. Bureau of Ocean Management funds for wind energy research.

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 8 “National Disaster Resilience Competition” HUD grant: $1 billion Virginia commits to using “best practices … to assist Virginia communities better address flooding, drought conditions, economic development challenges and neighborhood cohesion.”

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Virginia’s Rail System 9 C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 3,394 total track miles - 2 Class I Railroads, CSX (850 miles) and Norfolk Southern (2,020 miles) - 9 shortlines in VA (524 miles) - 1 Intercity Rail Operator (Amtrak),1 Commuter Rail Operator (VRE)

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Inspection Area Map FRA State 10 C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Crude Oil Production On The Rise C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 11

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Trains Magazing, March, 2014

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Significant Rise in Crude Oil Shipments by Rail Limited pipeline capacity and location of refineries that process light crude favors transport by rail. The increase in frequency and volume of rail shipments is projected to continue.

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Recent Bakken Crude Oil Derailments Boomer, WV Feb. 16, 2015 – 26 of 109 cars of Bakken Oil unit train derailed; 19 caught fire. Lynchburg, VA April 30, 2014 – 17 of 105 cars of Bakken Oil unit train derailed. Plaster Rock, NB January 7, 2014 – 16 cars derailed, 8 were hazmat. Casselton, ND December 20, 2013 – 20 of 106 crude oil tank cars derailed. Aliceville, AL November 8, 2013 – 25 of 90 crude oil tank cars derailed. Lac-Megantic, QE July 6, 2013 – 74 cars derailed of runaway train resulting in 47 fatalities.

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Lynchburg Incident C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 15

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 16 Railroad Safety and Security Task Force May 9, 2014: Gov. McAuliffe responds to Lynchburg derailment with creation of Task Force to “ensure that the Commonwealth is a national leader in preventing, preparing for, and responding to these types of events.” Task Force is responsible for making recommendations—and taking action—to enhance Virginia’s capability to protect lives, property, and the environment along our many rail lines. Final report due in June.

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY March 23, 2015: U.S. Senators Mark Warner and Tim Kaine along with 19 other Senators send a letter calling on the Senate Appropriations Committee to support robust investment for a Safe Transportation of Energy Products program to address increasing safety concerns related to the transportation of Bakken crude and other energy products. C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 17 Federal Response

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY U.S. DOT Actions Emergency Orders – Railroads to properly secure rolling equipment. – Shippers must properly analyze and classify oil prior to transportation – Railroads required to provide states with information about Bakken crude oil being transported by rail Safety Advisories – Railroads take additional action to eliminate risk. – Importance of proper characterization, classification, and selection of a packing group for Class 3 materials. – Bakken crude oil may be more flammable than traditional heavy crude oil. – Shippers and carriers take all possible steps to avoid the use of DOT 111 tank cars when transporting Bakken crude oil.

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Emergency Response Issues Lack of information – Commodity flow and chemical/physical properties Capability - Most local fire departments not able to effectively respond offensively to 100+ tank car unit train incidents (20-30K gal per carload) Shale crude oil is not an exotic product – It is a flammable liquid – no new special curriculum is needed Improved Cooperation – Among shippers, railroads and local responders for emergency planning and response Training – Needs to reflect local risks and capabilities – focus on incident management versus technical and tactical Response - Industry may need to supplement response resources RISK = Probability x Consequences

O FFICE OF THE S ECRETARY OF P UBLIC S AFETY & H OMELAND S ECURITY Pursuing Resilience: Virginia’s Environmental Challenges C OMMONWEALTH OF V IRGINIA 20 Brian J. Moran Secretary of Public Safety & Homeland Security (804) , x2