EC4012PA PIC 18F4520 1

Introduction 2

 Processor  Input Devices  Output Devices  Memory Devices 3

 A processor is also called the central processing unit (CPU).  The processor consists of at least the following 3 components: A register Arithmetic logic unit (ALU). Control unit. 4

 is a processor in a single ic chip  a microcomputer is a computer that uses a micro-processor as its CPU.  is referred to as 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit.  word length of the microprocessor. 5

 is not designed to deal with I/O.  interface chips are needed.  External memory chips are needed to hold programs and data  Glue logic is required to interface with the memory chips,  Peripheral chips are needed to interface with I/0 devices. 6

7 7 CPU Memory I/O, Serial, Parallel Ports Timer/Counter UART ADC, DAC DMA

8 Control Bus CPU ALU Control Register Address Bus Memory RAM [Data] I/O Output Devices Input Devices Clock ROM [Program] Stack Data Bus

 “Embedded” inside the products we use everyday.  “Dedicated” to one task / one specific program  Designed for “low-cost, small, low-power performance”. 9

MCU What is a Microcontroller use for ? 10

 Consumer Market – includes home appliances:  washing machines,  TV remotes,  MP3 players,  VCR and refrigerator 11

 Automotive market  remote keyless entry,  antilock braking and  air bags 12

 Office automation  PCs,  keyboards,  mouse,  modem, sound card,  copiers, scanner and printers 13

 Telecommunications  cellular phones,  PSPs,  pagers and  answering machines 14

 Industrial products  door locks in hotel rooms,  battery chargers and  industrial machinery 15

 Programs and data are stored in memory in a computer.  A computer may contain:  semiconductor ;  magnetic (harddisk); and  optical (cdrom, DVD). 16

 Semiconductor memory can be further classified into two major types:  random access memory (RAM) and  read-only memory (ROM). 17

 Volatile - cannot retain data in the absence of power.  also called read write memory.  Reading memory is nondestructive.  Writes data will overwrite the old data. 18

 Two types of RAM technology:  static RAM (SRAM) and  dynamic RAM (DRAM). 19

 Read_Only memory is non-volatile, it retain data in the absence of power.  Data stored in these chips is either  unchangeable or  requires a special operation to change. 20

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