Risks of Tobacco Use u Objectives – Describe the long-term health risks of tobacco use. – Identify the long-term risks of exposure to secondhand smoke. – Examine how smoking by a pregnant woman can affect her body u Key Words: – Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – Chronic bronchitis – Emphysema – Leukoplakia – Mainstream smoke – Sidestream smoke – Secondhand smoke

Risks of Tobacco Use u Warm Up: Quick Quiz—True or False 1. In the United States, over 400,000 people die from smoking each year. 2. Children of people who smoke have a greater risk of developing asthma. 3. Scientist have developed cures for chronic bronchitis and emphysema. 4. Smokers die about 13 years earlier than nonsmokers. 5. Smokeless tobacco increases one’s risk of cardiovascular disease.

Risks of Tobacco Use u Long-Term Risks – Every dose of tobacco increases the risk of developing respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease, and several forms of cancer – Tobacco use is leading cause of preventable death in the U.S.

Risks of Tobacco Use Respiratory Diseases u Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Disease that results in a gradual loss of function – Makes filling lungs with air difficult – Chronic Bronchitis & Emphysema two types of COPD

Risks of Tobacco Use Respiratory Diseases Chronic Bronchitis u Airways constantly inflamed u Mucus-producing cells increase in size & number, producing more mucus u Constricted airways & overproduction of mucus makes breathing difficult Emphysema u Disorder in which alveoli (air sacs) in lungs can no longer function properly u Alveoli lose shape & elasticity u Less O 2 get in & less CO gets out u Less area for gas exchange u Always suffer shortness of breath

Risks of Tobacco Use Cardiovascular Disease u Cardiovascular Disease kills about 138,000 smokers each year u Smoker is 2-3 times more likely to have a heart attack u Smoking doubles chance of suffering a stroke u Smokers 10 times more likely to develop circulation problems u Combined effects of nicotine, tar, & CO force CV system to work harder

Risks of Tobacco Use Cancer u Lung Cancer – Leading cause of death for both men & women – 85% deaths from lung cancer related to smoking – Only 15% of lung cancer patients survive more than 5 years.

Risks of Tobacco Use Cancer u Oral Cancer – 90% occur in tobacco users – Survival rate higher, BUT surgery to remove can cause disfiguration – Leukoplakia: white patches on tongues or lining of mouth (Can be cancerous)

Risks of Tobacco Use Secondhand Smoke u Mainstream smoke: exhaled from smoker’s lungs. Filter & lungs trap substances u Sidestream smoke: smoke that goes into air directly from cigarette. Contains 2x tar & nicotine as mainstream smoke u Secondhand smoke: combination of mainstream & sidestream smoke. Inhaled by anyone near the smoker

Risks of Tobacco Use Secondhand Smoke Dangers of Secondhand Smoke u Cardiovascular Disease, Respiratory problems, Cancer u Increases risk of heart attack by 30%. u Causes 50,000 deaths from heart attacks & lung cancer u Contributes to 300,00 respiratory infections in infants u More likely to develop allergies & asthma u Increases risk of ear infections resulting in hearing loss Avoiding Secondhand Smoke u Federal, State, local laws prohibit smoking in public places u Less socially acceptable = less common smoking u Ask smokers not to smoke around you. u Do not allow guests to smoke in your house or car. u Pick restaurants that do not allow smoking.

Risks of Tobacco Use Tobacco Use & Pregnancy u Tobacco smoke increases baby’s pulse u Tobacco smoke reduces oxygen supply & slows cell growth u Born with low birth weight—can result in – Cerebral palsy – Sight impairment – Hearing problems – Learning difficulties u Pregnant women who smoke are at greater risk of – Miscarriage – Premature births – Stillbirths – Producing less milk u Babies have higher risk for SIDS

Key Questions 1. What are three long-term risks associated with smoking? 2. Describe leukoplakia. Why should leukoplakia be monitored by a healthcare professional? 3. Identify three health risks associated with exposure to secondhand smoke. 4. List four problems for which babies of smoking mothers are at risk. 5. Do you think that smokers are also vulnerable to the dangers of secondhand smoke?