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Colleges in Illinois

Illinois State University Normal Illinois First State Sponsored School 1857 Illinois State Normal University

SIU Second state school in Illinois 1874 Southern Illinois Normal University 1950->3, >23,000

The Old Main Burns down in 1882

Newer Old Main

Fire Fighters Account of the Blaze Sitting in his wood-paneled den in his home just south of Carbondale, former firefighter Charles McCaughan said he remembers arriving at the scene shortly after 8 a.m. on Sunday, June 8, "When we rolled up it was just me and one other (firefighter) and the fire was on the top floor," he said. "You could see from there; it was a hell of a fire. The ladder truck only went up 85 feet; we could not get it (the water) in the window." With flames pouring from windows on the building's east side and no way to effectively douse them from the outside, McCaughan said he and SIUC police chief Larry Cagle went inside in search of a route for hoses. Shortly after they entered the building, McCaughan, who is now 82, said he and Cagle found proof positive the fire was no accident. Upon entering on the first floor, McCaughan said he and Cagle quickly extinguished a smoldering spot where it appeared an accelerant was burning out. Near the stairwell on the second floor, a pile of mops and rags had been doused and lit on fire. On the third floor it appeared accelerant alone had been used. The fourth floor, or attic, which housed an ROTC rifle range, was engulfed in flames. "It smelled like kerosene and diesel," McCaughan said. "It looked like whoever did it planned to set the fourth floor, and burn each stairway so you couldn't get up through the building to get to the fire and put it out."

University of Illinois Opened in 1868 as Illinois Industrial University U of I in 1885 Industrial and Agricultural College “A nation that destroys its soil destroys itself.” - Franklin D. Roosevelt

U of I Achievements 1869 – First laboratory class for botany students in America 1881 – First evidence of bacteria causing plant disease discovered 1922 – First sound-on-film movies 1952 – The digital computer laboratory of the University of Illinois developed Illiac I, the first digital computer built and owned entirely by a college. It weighed five tons and contained 2,800 vacuum tubes.

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Big Money in the Big City Chicago experiences boom in meat packing production starting with Civil War – Pork-Sheep-Beef Geography allows for easy transportation and production of meat products

Philip Armour Builds businesses through out the Mid West Moves business to Chicago in 1875 – Sells meat as far as Europe

The Refrigerated Car Cattle usually brought to the factory live Gustavis Swift develops first method for refrigerating train cars and hauling processed animals to market

Use Every Part Waste pieces of cattle used to make – Soap – Lard – Sausage Casings – Margarine – Glue And much much more!

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Problems with Workers Same problems workers have been having for decades 1906 Upton Sinclair publishes The Jungle Tried to shed light on problems with work – “I aimed for peoples hearts, but instead I hit their stomachs.” Spanish-American War

The Jungle Some worked at the stamping machines, and it was very seldom that one could work long there at the pace that was set, and not give out and forget himself, and have a part of his hand chopped off. There were the "hoisters," as they were called, whose task it was to press the lever which lifted the dead cattle off the floor. They ran along upon a rafter, peering down through the damp and the steam, and as old Durham's architects had not built the killing room for the convenience of the hoisters, at every few feet they would have to stoop under a beam, say four feet above the one they ran on, which got them into the habit of stooping, so that in a few years they would be walking like chimpanzees. Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These people could not be shown to the visitor—for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare away any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for the other men, who worked in tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting— sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out to the world as Durham's Pure Leaf Lard!

Dealing with Poverty Jane Adams founds Hull House 1889 Have middle class natives move into immigrant slums to help improve conditions Nobel Prize 1831  Kindergarten  Day Cares  employment bureau  Art Gallery  Libraries  English Classes  Citizenship classes  Theater  Music and Art classes  Union meeting place