First Age of Empires 1570 -200 BCE

New Kingdom of Egypt (1570-1075 BCE) more wealth and power Valley of the Kings New burial site for pharaohs Queen Hatshepsut reigned 1472-1458 BCE Encouraged trade Step-son, Thutmose III becomes pharaoh War-like ruler Led invasions into Palestine, Syria, and Nubia Expanded territory Gained much wealth & new technology

Ramses II -Last powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom -fought in the Battle of Kadesh -resulted in peace treaty between the Egyptians and Hittites

-religion -literature/hieroglyphics -customs During Egyptian rule, nobles from Nubia sent their children to Egyptian cities & when they returned, they brought Egyptian culture back to Nubia -religion -literature/hieroglyphics -customs

Kingdom of Kush & the Nubians -Egypt slowly crumbles after Ramses II -Libya takes over -Nubians tried to push out the Libyan rulers & return Egyptian culture -defeated the Libyans in 751 BCE under the Kushite King Piankhi -He ruled Egypt & Nubia -Nubians saw selves as the guardians of the Egyptian values

-golden age through trade in Africa, Arabia, and India Meroe -major city of Kush -golden age through trade in Africa, Arabia, and India

671 BCE – Kushites lose Egypt to Assyrians & retreat back to Nubia

Assyrians Military power Ladders Iron weapons Tunnels Brutal tactics Mass deportation Controlled empire through military power, taxes, & making the provinces dependent upon the Assyrians

Persians Origin = modern-day Iran Cyrus First king of Persian Empire Expanded territory Honored local customs & religions Granted certain freedoms to subject peoples Showed kindness towards conquered people

Persian Rule Dynasty rule Satraps Inspectors Royal Road Governor of a province within the empire Carried out the laws of the King Inspectors “King’s eyes & ears” Ensured satrap’s loyalty Royal Road 1,677 miles long road connecting empire Standardized money

Zoroaster Persian prophet & religious reformer Developed Zoroastrianism Religion based on a final judgement Goodness=ascend to paradise Evil=doomed to the underworld

Persian Legacy Tolerance Strong government Roads Zoroasterianism Satraps Roads Zoroasterianism

China Under the Zhou Dynasty, during the Warring Period, several philosophies developed Confucius Laozi Legalism Yin and Yang

Confucius Believed social order, harmony, and good government could be restored if society was organized around 5 basic relationships. 1) ruler & subject 2) father & son 3) husband & wife 4) older brother & younger brother 5) friend & friend

Laozi Do not strive for fame, power, or wisdom Follow the “Dao” or way Daoism Humans are the only thing in nature that has to argue between right and wrong Which is pointless

Legalism Government should use the law to end civil disorder and restore harmony Stressed punishment more than rewards

Yin and Yang Yin = represents earth, female, and passive Yang = represents heaven, male, and active Together = represents natural rhythms of life and complement each other

Qin Dynasty (221-202 BCE) Legalist Autocracy rule Unlimited powers for the “emperor” Halted internal battles and crushed resistance Killed hundreds of Confucian scholars Burned the “useless” books of Confucian ideas Defeated invaders Seized land and uprooted the nobles to the capital city He can keep an eye on them He took their land Forced labor on roads, irrigation systems, and the Great Wall of China Standardized weights & measurements

Results of the Qin Dynasty Wealth in trade Increased farming production Kept out invaders Unified China

Unified China came at the expense of what?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsUE-ZtcUFg