CHAPTER 4 First Age of Empires

The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt  Hyksos – ruled Egypt from about B.C.  Israelites Migrate to Egypt  Descendants of Abraham migrated to Egypt around 1650 B.C.  Expulsion and Slavery  Queen Ahhotep and Kamose – began the expulsion of the Hyksos and enslavement of the Israelites

The Egyptian and Nubian Empires The New Kingdom of Egypt  New Kingdom  Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule  Hatshepsut  Thutmose the Empire Builder  Thutmose III  Nubia  The Egyptians and the Hittites  Ramses II  An Age of Builders

The Egyptian and Nubian Empires The Empire Declines  Invasions by Land and Sea  Sea Peoples from the north  Tribes of Canaan rebelled in the east  Libyan invaders from the west  Egypt’s Empire Fades

The Egyptian and Nubian Empires The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region  Kush  The People of Nubia  The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia  Goods and Ideas were exchanged along the Nile for years.  Piankhi Captures the Egyptian Throne  Piankhi – overthrew the Libyan dynasty and united the Nile Valley

The Egyptian and Nubian Empires The Golden Age of Meroe  The Wealth of Kush  Enjoyed significant rainfall and an abundance of iron ore  The Decline of Meroe

The Assyrian Empire A Mighty Military Machine  Assyria  The Rise of a Warrior People  Sennacherib  Military Organization and Conquest

The Assyrian Empire The Empire Expands  Assyrian Rule  Assyrian Culture  Nineveh – Assyria’s capital  Ashurbanipal

The Assyrian Empire The Empire Crumbles  Decline and Fall  Medes and Chaldeans – burned and leveled Nineveh in 612 B.C.  Rebirth of Babylon Under the Chaldeans  Nebuchadnezzar – restored Babylon as Chaldean king

The Persian Empire The Rise of Persia  The Persian Homeland  Cyrus the Great Founds an Empire  Cyrus

The Persian Empire Persian Rule  Cambyses and Darius  Cambyses  Darius  Provinces and Satraps  Satrap – local governors  Royal Road

The Persian Empire The Persian Legacy  Zoroaster  Zoroaster’s Teachings  Political Order

The Unification of China

Confucius and the Social Order  Confucius Urges Harmony  Filial piety – respect for parents and ancestors  Confucian Ideas About Government  Bureaucracy – a trained civil service

The Unification of China Other Ethical Systems  Daoists Seek Harmony  Search for knowledge and understanding  Legalists Urge Harsh Rule  Legalism – based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government is key to social order

The Unification of China The Qin Dynasty Unifies China  A New Emperor Takes Control  Shi Huangdi – first emperor to unify China  Autocracy – government that has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner  A Program of Centralization  Great Wall of China  The Fall of the Qin