RADIOLOGIC IMAGING EQUIPMENT 1
THE X-RAY ROOM 2
PROCESSING ROOM 3
THE X-RAY ROOM 4
X-RAY TUBE CONTROL PANEL ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT 5
THE X-RAY TUBE REVIEW OF X-RAY DISCOVERY CROOKE’S TUBE WILHELM ROENTGEN’S OBSERVATIONS November 8, 1895 BERTHA ROENTGEN’S HAND 6
THE X-RAY TUBE CATHODE ANODE VACUUM GLASS ENVELOPE CURRENT 7
THE X-RAY TUBE Simple car battery 8
THE X-RAY TUBE 9
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THE X-RAY TUBE anodecathode Glass envelope Tube housing X-ray tube 11
THE X-RAY TUBE 12
THE X-RAY TUBE 13
THE X-RAY TUBE 14
THE X-RAY TUBE 15
THE X-RAY TUBE What do you need to produce ionizing radiation? 16
THE X-RAY TUBE A source of electronsA force to move them quickly Something to stop them very suddenly 17
THE X-RAY TUBE 18
THE X-RAY TUBE 19
THE X-RAY TUBE 20
THE X-RAY TUBE anodecathode Glass envelope Tube housing X-ray tube 21
THE X-RAY TUBE Cathode filament Focusing cup Milliamps Anode Target/focal track rotor kilovolts 22
THE X-RAY TUBE Glass Envelope vacuum Pyrex glass Surrounds anode and cathode Tube Housing Lead and steel Port for exit beam Surrounds glass envelope 23
THE X-RAY TUBE 24
THE X-RAY TUBE steel casing Glass envelope Port/window oil Lead casing anode cathode Which end of tube is the positive end? Which end is the negative end? Is this a stationery or rotating anode? 25
THE X-RAY TUBE What is electromagnetic spectrum? What are photons? What is radiation? What is ionizing radiation? What is x-ray? What are roentgen rays What are photons? 26
THE X-RAY TUBE Electromagnetic Radiation Bits of energy that passes thru matter Travels at the speed of light Not always ionizing!!!! photon 27
THE X-RAY TUBE Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum 28
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THE X-RAY TUBE The amount of electrons burned off TThe amount of time charged is applied The strength of the positive charge 34
THE X-RAY TUBE The amount of electrons burned off Milli-amperage Electron cloud Thermionic Emission Focusing cup ??amount of electrons??? ? How many mA are applied? 35
THE X-RAY TUBE The amount of time charged is applied The longer the the milli-amps are applied, the more electrons are burned off. How many seconds are applied? 36
THE X-RAY TUBE The strength of the positive charge The stronger the force of the positive charge, the faster the electrons rush toward anode, The more x-rays are generated. The force of the charge is measured by kilovoltage (kV) applied to the anode 37
THE X-RAY TUBE milli-Amperage (mA) Time-(in fractions of seconds) kilo-Voltage (kV)(kVp) technique 38
CONTROL PANEL Where the technologist controls the x-ray machine Where technique selection occurs Always located outside the x-ray room 39
CONTROL PANEL 40
CONTR0L PANEL kVp controls Strength of beam kVp more penetrating kVp in diagnostic x-ray Controls contrast and density on image 41
CONTROL PANEL mA controls the amount of electrons Time controls how long the electrons are sent to anode Frequently used as a single unit of measure mAs Controls the density of the image 42
ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT Image Receptors Table Tube supports Grids Collimators Misc Equipment 43
IMAGE RECEPTORS Film cassettes CR cassettes Direct imaging Bucky tray(grid) Wall Bucky tray(grid) 44
IMAGE RECEPTORS Film Cassettes are light tight, with intensifying screens. They serve to hold the film safe from any damage. CR cassettes look almost identical but contain a PSP plate that is used to create the image. 45
IMAGE RECEPTORS 46
TABLE 47
TABLE 48
TABLE 49
TUBE SUPPORTS Tube Suspension systems are available in 5 versions. Be sure to check the book for configurations. 50
TUBE SUPPORTS Designed to help technologists with various tube locations for creative imaging. 51
TUBE SUPPORTS Tube Movement Longitudinal Transverse Vertical Angling or Rolling Rotating Telescoping 52
COLLIMATORS Limits the X-ray field Limits the transverse and longitudinal field Positive beam limitation 53
COLLIMATORS 54
COLLIMATORS Always collimate smaller than the image receptor 55
GRIDS Device used to “clean up” the x-ray image by reducing the amount of scatter radiation reaching the image receptor Used on larger, thicker parts Built with parallel lead strips to absorb the scatter radiation 56
GRIDS ??? Primary beam + - Exit Radiation 57
GRIDS No gridgrid 58
GRIDS 59
MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT Positioning sponges Tape Lead aprons Lead blockers Markers Sand bags linens 60
MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT 61
MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT 62
X-RAY TUBE CONTROL PANEL ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT 63
THE X-RAY ROOM 64
PROCESSING ROOM 65
PROCESSING ROOM Film Screen Image Production Digital Image Production 66
PROCESSING ROOM-IMAGE PRODUCTION ??? Primary beam + - Exit Radiation 67
PROCESSING ROOM-IMAGE PRODUCTION RADIOGRAPH- PERMANENT RECORD OF IMAGE, BY FILM OR BY COMPUTER STORAGE 68
DARK ROOM 69
DARK ROOM 70
DARK ROOM Pass Box Lockable from inside, contains cassettes Clean, dry, dustless countertop Work space be free of clutter Safe light 15 watt bulb 3 feet from film, countertop Orange or amber filter/light bulb, depends on film emulsion type Cassettes, empty and full Film bin Must be light tight Sometimes locks with door Processor Needs water supply, Must be clean Chemicals Store safely 71
DARK ROOM 72
DARK ROOM 73
CR READER CR - Computed Radiography Computed Radiography is an indirect type of imaging system. The receptor used within a CR cassette is called a photostimulable imaging plate (PSP) and it absorbs the radiation exiting the patient. The exposed plate is processed in a CR reader, where the absorbed energy is extracted. The information stored in the CR imaging plate must be processed before viewing can occur. The resultant latent image data is converted from an analog to a digital signal and a digital image is created. Computed Radiography x-ray systems predominantly use conventional x- ray tube systems. 74
CR READER 75
REVIEW 76
REVIEW 77
REVIEW 78
REVIEW A source of electronsA force to move them quickly Something to stop them very suddenly 79
THE X-RAY TUBE 80
Describe Tube Travel 8. Describe tube travel 9. Describe how the tube would travel in order to direct x- ray output at #1?? 81