US History Old West Unit ( )

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Presentation transcript:

US History Old West Unit (1865-1890) Knight

Presidents During the Old West Grover Cleveland 1885-1889 Chester A. Arthur 1881-1885 James Garfield 1881 Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881

Frontier Experience Following Civil War (1865) land west of Mississippi River was settled mostly by Native Americans Great Plains- the grassland extending through the west-central portion of the United States View Settlers Expand the Land Video

Family Life on Plains Native Americans Native Americans and the Frontier Video Native Americans Men hunted buffalo, women skinned and prepared hides, cooked food, cared for children Groups were led by counsels Exodusters African Americans who left the South following the Civil War (1865) to come to the West for a better life

Family life on Plains White/Black Settlers from Eastern US View Gold Rush Video White/Black Settlers from Eastern US First brought west after discovery of gold and silver Mining camps and frontier towns sprang up Land was available, claimed Indians had not “improved” it. Boomtowns

Family Life on the Plains Homestead Act 1862 160 acres of land. Free if they could cultivate it and make improvements after 5 years Over 600,000 families took land from 1862 to 1900 Peaked in Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 (Sooners/Boomers) Many settlers built homes out of sod “soddies”-lack of wood Women worked as hard as men on Frontier and life was extremely hard View Land as Opportunity video View Homestead Act video

Family Life on the Plains Inventions that improved life on plains Barbed wire -prevented animals from wandering off Reaper -sped up harvesting Steel plow -made planting more efficient Steel windmill -brought up underground water for irrigation View Agriculture advancements on Plains video John Deere

American Cowboy and Cattle Boom American Cowboys borrowed many customs from Mexican vaquero (Chaps, spurs, hat, etc) Long Drive -moving cattle from distant ranges to busy railroad centers that shipped the cattle to market Cattle industry helped encourage settlement out west. Cattle boom ended because of barbed wire and eventually the railroads Cattle Stockyards in Chicago 1876 View Cattleman video

Bonanza Farms Bonanza Farms -large farms in the West and Midwest that were controlled by large businesses and run by hundreds of workers. Specialized in 1 or 2 crops. Drought of 1890’s had devastating impact

Railroad’s Impact on the West Government provided free land and gave money to encourage Railroads (RR) to expand West Transcontinental RR was built by Union Pacific and Central Pacific RRs, from Nebraska to California. Met at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869. Impact of RR on West Settled west Caused cities to grow Economy grew Encouraged the development of new inventions/methods (refrigerated RR cars, mail order catalogs, RR delivered mail) View RR video

Conflicts between Native Americans and Settlers Assimilation-a plan in which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life to become a part of the white or American culture Assimilation Laws Cut hair, speak English, stop practicing their own religion, etc. Dawes Act -1887-gave Indian families 160 acres of land, encouraged them to become farmers and “Americanize” Broke up large reservations Created more land for whites Boarding house to assimilate Native American girls View Native American video

Conflicts between Native Americans and Settlers View Buffalo Soldier video After Civil War, US government fought war with Indians over Western Lands Buffalo Soldier-a black soldier in U.S. Army in the West Destruction of buffalo was major blow to Plains Indians way of life View Destruction of Buffalo video

Conflicts between Native Americans and Settlers Battle of Little Bighorn Battle of Little Bighorn 1876 Large numbers of Plains Indians were off reservations General Custer and 7th Cavalry Last major victory for Plains Indians against U.S. Army Caused outrage in America Custer Sitting Bull Effects of Battle of Little Bighorn Crazy Horse*

Conflicts between Native Americans and Settlers Battle or Massacre at Wounded Knee Ghost Dance Dec. 28, 1890 the 7th Cavalry rounded up 350 starving and freezing Sioux & took them to Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota A shot was fired and U.S. army unloaded on mostly women and children Killed 300 Sioux Left bodies to freeze on ground Brought an end to Indian Wars and to an era *Quote on page 208 View Massacre at Wounded Knee Video

Closing of the West Frederick Jackson Turner wrote Frontier Thesis in 1893-all the land out west had been settled, no more unknown land to explore. (Is credited with increasing Imperialism amongst some in the U.S.-TR) Helen H. Jackson wrote Century of Dishonor- 1881, about broken promises/treaties by American government to Indians View life at the end of 1800’s.